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ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Declaration ……………………………………………………………. i
Certification …………………………………………………………… ii
Abstract ……………………………………………………………. iii
Dedication ……………………………………………………………… iv
Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………….. vi
Table of content …………………………………………………………… vii
List of tables ……………………………………………………………..
List of figures ………………………………………………………………
List of abbreviation …………………………………………………………….
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Background of the study ………………………………….. 1
1.2 Problem statement …………………………………………. 4
1.3 Objectives of the study …………………………………….. 8
1.4 Specific objectives of the study ……………………………. 8
1.5 Hypothesis of the study …………………………………. 8
1.6 Justification of the study …………………………………. 9
1.7 Definition of key terms ……………………………………. 10
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………. 11
2.1 Concept of Livelihood ……………………………………… 11
2.2 Gangsterism at a glance …………………………………….. 12
2.3 Secret Cultism, a form of gangsterism
in Nigerian universities and beyond ……………………… 15
2.4 Violence in Nigeria ………………………………………… 16
2.5 Psychological Approach to youth violence;
a pathway to gangsterism ………………………………. 19
2.6 Context of root of violence ………………………………. 24
2.7 Political effect of armed conflict
in Nigeria ……………………………………………….. 28
2.8 Possible impacts of Gang-related ………………………… 30
Crimes on Livelihood
2.9 Theoretical framework …………………………………. 33
2.9.1 Gang theory ……………………………………………. 33
2.9.2 Social control theory …………………………………… 36
2.10 Explanation of the conceptual framework………………. 38
2.11 Conceptual framework …………………………………. 41
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………. 42
3.1 Description of the study area ……………………………………. 42
3.2 Population of the study ………………………………………. 45
3.3 Sampling procedure and sampling size ……………………………. 45
3.4 Validity and reliability of the instruments ……………………… 46
3.5 Method of analysis ………………………………………………. 46
3.6 Measurement of variables ………………………………………. 47
3.6.1 Socio-economic characteristics …………………………………. 47
3.6.2 types of gangsterism in the study area …………………………. 48
3.6.3 Gangsters activities in the community …………………………. 48
3.6.4 perceived features of gangsterism ……………………………… 48
3.6.5 Security measure adopted by the respondents …………………. 48
3.6.6 threshold level of assets of the rural farmers …………………… 48
3.6.7 Effect of gangsterism on livelihood status ……………………… 49
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF GANGSTERISM ON LIVELIHOOD OF RURAL FARMERS IN IKORODU LOCA GOVERNMENT AREA, LAGOS, NIGERIA
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