Contrastive Study Of Consonant Sounds Of Ekid And Bekwarra Languages
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Contrastive Study Of Consonant Sounds Of Ekid And Bekwarra Languages
ABSTRACT
This study attempts to demonstrate a distinction between the consonant sounds of Ekid and Bekwarra. The diversity between the two languages inspired this research. The data for this study were gathered using the elicitation method, with participants chosen using the stratified sample methodology.
Participants from various age groups, including adolescents (both male and female) and elders (both male and female), were chosen to participate in the data collection, with results reported in terms of word count.
Bekwarra does not accept consonant clusters, although Ekid does. The following phonemic consonants are present in Bekwarra but absent in Ekid: /p,g,gb,ɪ, ʃ tʃ, j (y), h.
The strings listed below are permitted in Ekid but not in Bekwarra. They use vowels and syllabic nasals as syllabic peaks in the language because these two types of segments are tone-bearing units.
To summarise, Ekid and Bekwarra structures, like any other African language, are rigorously governed by the phonetactic principles of the language.
Chapter one
GENERAL INTRODUCTIONS
1.1 Introduction.
A consonant is a speaking sound produced by complete or partial closure of the vocal tract (Naumann, 2008). Examples include [p], pronounced with the lips; [t], pronounced with the front of the tongue; [k], pronounced with the back of the tongue; [h], pronounced in the throat; [f] and [s], pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and [m] and [n], pronounced with air flowing through the nose (nosals).
Consonants are sounds that are always produced with some type of blockage (whether partial or entire). Consonants have more constriction of the vocal tract and are less sonorous and loud than their vowel counterparts.
According to Udofot (1996), it can produce sequences such as /mm, mmn, shr, zsr/, which are all consonant-based. Such sequences cannot be rightfully claimed to belong to any one language; they are just recognised forms of human noise that may represent some types of emotion in some contexts.
There are various types of consonants. All natural languages have plosive consonants, fricative consonants, and nasal consonants in variable numbers and distributions.
This study aims to conduct a contrastive analysis of consonant sounds in the Ekid and Bekwarra languages. The research will eventually lead to a linguistic description of consonants in Ekid and Bekwarra languages, including an investigation of their location of articulation, nature of voicing, distribution, and description.
1.2 Background of the Language and People of Esit Ekid
According to Adikpan (2000), “Ekid” refers to the town or territory that the Esit Eket people sought out and eventually discovered. Ekid is the name of a language that is spoken as the primary and prominent local language in the Esit Eket Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, according to Connel (1994).
According to Williamson (1989), the Ekid language is part of the Lower Cross subfamily of the Delta group of the Cross River subbranch of the New Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo subfamily of the Niger Kordofanian language family.
According to Udo (1983), the Esit Eket people were the first central Ibibioans to migrate southwards to their current location, prompted by fresh arrivals. Some of them relocated to the Ibeno area, but after seeing that the terrain in Ibeno was unsuitable for cultivation and the sea was tumultuous, they returned to the mountains and established there.
Esit Eket is the colonial form of “Ekid,” which is the people’s term for their language, according to Adiakpan (2000). The Esit Eket people must have arrived in Nigeria around 1000 B.C. and must have reached the Atlantic Ocean “wall,” beyond which they could not travel before 1000 AD. Their main settlement was initially in Inua Akpa and then migrated to Nta Ikang Adiakpan (2000).
Furthermore, according to Wikipedia (2016), Esit Eket is primarily populated by farmers, fishermen, and traders who are active participants in the oil industry’s downstream operations.
According to the National Census (2006), Esit Eket Local Government Area has approximately 33, 942 males and 29, 759 females. The communities are scattered over three developed zones: A, B, and C. Wards 12 and 13 comprise Zone A; Wards 4, 5, and 6 comprise Zone B; and Wards 7, 8, and 9 constitute Zone C.
The people of Esit Eket are active and resourceful. The orthodox Christian churches in the area are Qua Iboe, Roman Catholic, Apostolic, and Lutheran.
The people of Esit Eket Local Government Area are extensively represented in dances, songs, plays, mythologies, oracles, and cults.
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