Top Pathology Final Year Project Topics

Latest Final Year Project Topics for Pathology Students

Estimated reading time: 4-5 minutes

This comprehensive guide explores 30 cutting-edge pathology final year project topics spanning disease pathogenesis, histopathology, clinical laboratory diagnostics, and molecular pathology—all designed for undergraduate and postgraduate students in 2026.

Introduction

Selecting the right final year project topic is one of the most critical decisions you’ll make as a pathology student. The pressure is real—your project demonstrates your understanding of disease processes, diagnostic methodologies, and clinical applications that will define your career in this vital healthcare discipline. A well-chosen pathology final year project topic not only satisfies your academic requirements but also builds a strong foundation for postgraduate studies or professional practice in laboratories, hospitals, and research institutions across Nigeria, the UK, US, Ghana, and beyond.

The field of pathology is rapidly evolving, with advances in molecular diagnostics, immunohistochemistry, digital pathology, and personalized medicine reshaping how diseases are understood and diagnosed. Whether you’re interested in disease pathogenesis, histopathology, clinical pathology, molecular pathology, or autopsy studies, your final year project should reflect current academic trends and real-world healthcare challenges facing institutions in 2026.

Pathology represents one of the most critical medical disciplines, bridging basic science and clinical practice. Your final year project provides an opportunity to contribute meaningfully to this discipline while developing research competencies essential for your professional trajectory. The topics presented in this guide are designed specifically for undergraduate and postgraduate pathology students who want to make genuine contributions to medical knowledge while producing work that impresses examiners and builds their professional portfolios.

When considering related disciplines like microbiology, you’ll notice that pathology integrates many overlapping research methodologies. However, pathology maintains its unique focus on tissue and cellular changes accompanying disease, making it distinctly positioned within medical sciences.

Disease Pathogenesis & Histopathology Topics

1. Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in West African Populations

This research investigates viral integration patterns, immune dysfunction, and oxidative stress mechanisms driving HCC progression in endemic populations, comparing outcomes across different genotypes. Your study would examine tissue specimens from affected individuals, analyzing molecular markers and histological features predicting disease progression and treatment response.

2. Histopathological Changes Associated with COVID-19 Related Pulmonary Fibrosis in Nigerian Autopsy Cases

This study examines inflammatory infiltration, collagen deposition, and fibroblast activation in post-COVID lungs, establishing histological grading systems for disease severity assessment. Your research contributes to understanding long-term COVID complications affecting respiratory function and quality of life.

3. Pathogenesis of Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Related Micro and Macrovascular Complications in Sub-Saharan African Patients

This research explores endothelial dysfunction, advanced glycation end products, and inflammatory pathways contributing to diabetic complications in African populations. Understanding tissue-level changes in diabetic complications helps clinicians implement preventive strategies and improve patient outcomes.

4. Histomorphological Analysis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Nigerian Males Aged Fifty to Eighty Years

This study characterizes epithelial proliferation patterns, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and stromal changes in BPH specimens, correlating findings with clinical symptoms and urinary obstruction. Your histological analysis provides clinicians with grading systems predicting treatment efficacy and surgical intervention necessity.

5. Immunohistochemical Characterization of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Breast Carcinomas from Nigerian Women

This research examines hormone receptor status distribution across different breast cancer subtypes, establishing receptor expression patterns relevant to targeted therapy decisions. Your findings directly inform treatment selection and prognostic stratification in breast cancer management.

6. Pathological Features and Staging of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in University Teaching Hospitals in Ghana

This study analyzes tumor grade, histological subtype distribution, and prognostic markers in ovarian cancer specimens, relating pathological findings to clinical outcomes. Your comprehensive analysis contributes to standardizing ovarian cancer classification and prognostic assessment across African institutions.

7. Histological Grading of Chronic Pancreatitis and Association with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Alcoholic Patients

This research correlates fibrosis extent, acinar atrophy, and ductal changes with pancreatic enzyme levels, establishing reliable grading systems for disease severity. Your work enables clinicians to predict functional pancreatic reserve and guide enzyme replacement therapy decisions.

8. Morphological Changes in Renal Glomeruli Associated with Hypertension Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Nigerian Population

This study evaluates glomerulosclerosis, arteriolonecrosis, and tubular atrophy patterns in hypertensive CKD, staging disease progression based on histological findings. Understanding renal tissue changes helps clinicians implement timely interventions preventing dialysis dependency.

9. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Mechanisms Including Antibody Production and Red Blood Cell Destruction Pathways

This research examines warm and cold agglutinin involvement, complement activation, and macrophage-mediated RBC destruction contributing to hemolysis severity. Your investigation clarifies mechanisms guiding targeted immunosuppressive therapy selection.

10. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Acute Tubular Necrosis in Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in ICU Patients

This study investigates epithelial cell death, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microvascular dysfunction driving ATN pathology in septic shock patients. Understanding acute kidney injury mechanisms informs therapeutic strategies improving intensive care outcomes.

11. Histopathological Assessment of Endometrial Carcinoma Grade and Type in Postmenopausal Nigerian Women

This research characterizes endometrioid and non-endometrioid subtypes, evaluates nuclear grade, and identifies molecular markers predicting treatment response and prognosis. Your comprehensive analysis establishes diagnostic algorithms improving endometrial cancer management in African healthcare settings.

12. Pathological Features of Aortic Atherosclerosis in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Versus Sporadic Hyperlipidemia

This study compares arterial wall changes, lipid infiltration, foam cell accumulation, and plaque morphology between genetic and acquired hyperlipidemia cases. Understanding histological differences guides cardiovascular risk assessment and preventive therapy selection.

13. Histomorphological Analysis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus in Sub-Saharan African Populations

This research examines tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, margin involvement, and lymph node status in esophageal SCC specimens affecting African populations. Your findings contribute to standardizing esophageal cancer staging and prognostic assessment in resource-limited settings.

14. Mechanisms of Fibrosis Development in Chronic Viral Hepatitis C Patients in Teaching Hospitals Across West Africa

This study investigates hepatic stellate cell activation, inflammatory cytokines, and extracellular matrix remodeling driving cirrhosis progression in HCV-infected individuals. Understanding fibrosis mechanisms helps clinicians identify patients requiring aggressive antiviral therapy and cirrhosis screening.

15. Immunophenotypic and Morphological Characterization of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Nigerian Leukemia Patients Using Flow Cytometry and Morphology

This research identifies AML subtypes according to FAB classification, evaluates CD34 expression, and determines prognostic markers affecting chemotherapy response and survival. Your immunophenotypic analysis enables precise AML subtype identification guiding treatment selection and prognosis determination.

Clinical Pathology & Laboratory Diagnostics Topics

16. Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria Parasites Compared to Microscopy in Nigerian Rural Healthcare Settings

This study evaluates RDT sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values against gold standard microscopy, assessing performance across different Plasmodium species and parasitemia levels. Your research directly informs malaria diagnostic strategy implementation in resource-limited African healthcare environments.

17. Hematological Parameters as Predictive Biomarkers for Severity and Prognosis of Bacterial Sepsis in Hospital Admitted Patients

This research examines WBC differential, thrombocytopenia, hemoglobin levels, and coagulation profile changes correlating with sepsis severity scores and mortality outcomes. Your biomarker analysis enables clinicians to rapidly stratify sepsis patients identifying high-risk individuals requiring intensive interventions.

18. Biochemical Markers of Liver Function and Their Clinical Correlation in Patients with Different Hepatic Diseases at Tertiary Hospital

This study compares ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase patterns across hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC cases, establishing diagnostic thresholds and clinical utility. Your comprehensive analysis creates standardized interpretation algorithms for liver function testing in your institution.

19. Comparison of Fasting Blood Glucose and Glycated Hemoglobin HbA1c for Diabetes Diagnosis in Nigerian Population Screening Programs

This research evaluates diagnostic concordance between FBG and HbA1c, analyzing ethnic variations in glucose metabolism and HbA1c levels affecting diabetes classification accuracy. Your findings optimize diabetes screening strategies addressing population-specific metabolic variations.

20. Performance Evaluation of Rapid Plasma Reagin and Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay for Syphilis Serological Diagnosis

This study assesses RPR and TPHA test agreement, false positive rates, and clinical correlation with disease stage, evaluating algorithmic testing approaches for syphilis. Your diagnostic evaluation establishes optimal syphilis screening and confirmation algorithms preventing both diagnostic errors and unnecessary treatment.

21. Urinalysis Findings and Their Clinical Significance in Patients with Different Urinary Tract Infections and Renal Diseases

This research correlates urinary components including protein, glucose, RBCs, WBCs, bacteria, and casts with clinical diagnoses, establishing reference ranges for patient populations. Your urinalysis interpretation guide improves diagnostic accuracy for urinary tract infections and renal pathology detection.

22. Evaluation of CD4 Count Trends and Clinical Monitoring in HIV Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Cameroon Teaching Hospitals

This study tracks CD4 recovery patterns, viral load suppression, and immunological failure markers, relating CD4 thresholds to opportunistic infection risk and treatment efficacy. Your HIV monitoring analysis improves antiretroviral therapy optimization and opportunistic infection prevention strategies.

23. Blood Coagulation Profile Analysis in Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Correlation with Clinical Outcomes

This research examines PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and platelet counts in DIC diagnosis, establishing scoring systems predicting organ dysfunction and mortality. Your coagulation profile analysis enables rapid DIC diagnosis guiding urgent blood product and anticoagulation therapy decisions.

24. Tumor Markers Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Alpha-Fetoprotein Utility in Screening and Monitoring Cancer Patients in African Healthcare Systems

This study evaluates CEA and AFP diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values in colorectal, hepatic, and ovarian cancer detection and surveillance. Your tumor marker analysis clarifies clinical applications preventing both inappropriate screening and missed cancer diagnoses.

25. Microbiological Culture and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Results from Blood Cultures in Patients with Septicemia at Tertiary Hospital

This research identifies common pathogens causing septicemia, analyzes antibiotic resistance patterns, and establishes empirical therapy recommendations based on local epidemiology. Your antimicrobial susceptibility data directly informs septicemia treatment protocols improving patient outcomes and reducing antibiotic resistance.

26. Laboratory Diagnosis and Pathological Features of Dengue Fever Including Serological Testing and Viral Detection Methods

This study evaluates IgM and IgN antibody detection timing, NS1 antigen sensitivity, and PCR testing performance, establishing optimal diagnostic algorithms for dengue severity assessment. Your dengue diagnostic protocol optimization improves case identification and prognostic stratification in endemic regions.

27. Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tissue Microarrays for Standardizing Pathological Diagnosis in Teaching Hospitals

This research develops tissue microarray protocols, evaluates antibody panels, and establishes quality control measures improving diagnostic consistency across pathology laboratories. Your tissue microarray standardization initiatives enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in high-volume pathology departments.

Molecular Pathology & Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

28. Gene Expression Profiling of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Tissue Samples and Association with Tamoxifen Treatment Response

This study uses qPCR or RNA-seq to analyze hormone receptor pathway genes, proliferation markers, and apoptosis genes predicting endocrine therapy efficacy and resistance. Your gene expression analysis identifies molecular signatures enabling precision medicine approaches in breast cancer treatment selection.

29. Detection and Quantification of BRAF V600E Mutation in Melanoma Specimens Using Molecular Techniques for Targeted Therapy Planning

This research employs PCR and sequencing methods identifying BRAF mutations, correlating mutation status with clinicopathological features and targeted immunotherapy response. Your molecular mutation analysis directly informs melanoma patients’ eligibility for targeted BRAF inhibitor therapy.

30. Molecular Characterization of Lynch Syndrome Associated Colorectal Carcinomas Through Microsatellite Instability and Mismatch Repair Gene Analysis

This study evaluates microsatellite instability patterns, MLH1/MSH2/MSH6/PMS2 immunohistochemistry, and germline mutation testing identifying Lynch syndrome families requiring surveillance. Your molecular Lynch syndrome characterization enables identification of at-risk family members requiring colonoscopic surveillance preventing colorectal cancer development.

Conclusion

Selecting a final year project topic in pathology is an investment in your professional development and contribution to medical science. The 30 pathology final year project topics presented above represent the most current research areas, from traditional histopathology to cutting-edge molecular diagnostics, spanning disease pathogenesis, clinical laboratory medicine, and advanced diagnostic techniques relevant for 2026 and beyond.

Whether you’re exploring the mechanisms of cancer development, investigating diagnostic accuracy of laboratory tests, or characterizing molecular markers for personalized medicine, these topics offer genuine academic rigor and real-world clinical relevance. They reflect the challenges facing healthcare systems across West Africa, the UK, US, and other regions, ensuring your research contributes meaningfully to pathology practice and patient care.

Like pharmacy students selecting research topics, pathology students must balance academic rigor with practical feasibility. Your chosen topic should align with your institutional resources, faculty expertise, and available patient populations or tissue specimens.

The path from topic selection to completed final year project requires expert guidance, particularly when developing research methodologies, analyzing complex pathological data, and interpreting findings within current scientific literature. The team at Premium Researchers includes Master’s and PhD-qualified pathologists and medical scientists who can provide complete project materials including literature reviews, research designs, data analysis frameworks, and comprehensive discussions of your chosen topic.

Understanding specific requirements of pathology departments in Nigerian universities, UK institutions, and international centers ensures your work meets examiners’ expectations while demonstrating genuine expertise in your chosen area. Don’t navigate this critical academic milestone alone. Access professionally written materials with complete data analysis included.

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