Botany Final Year Project Topics

Latest Final Year Project Topics for Botany Students in 2026

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Introduction

Selecting the right final year project topic is one of the most critical decisions you’ll make as a botany student. The pressure of finding a topic that is both academically rigorous and genuinely interesting can be overwhelming, especially when you’re juggling coursework, laboratory practicals, and other academic responsibilities. Your final year project is more than just an assignment—it’s your opportunity to demonstrate mastery of botanical concepts, showcase your research capabilities, and contribute meaningful findings to your field of study.

For botany students, the significance of choosing an impactful project topic cannot be overstated. A well-selected final year project topic sets the foundation for your entire research experience and can even influence your career trajectory in plant science, conservation, or academia. With emerging research areas like climate change impacts on vegetation, sustainable agriculture, ethnobotany, and phytochemical innovation gaining momentum, there has never been a better time to pursue cutting-edge botanical research.

This comprehensive guide presents 30 carefully curated final year project topics for botany students that align with current research trends, industry demands, and 2026 academic standards. These topics span diverse specializations including plant genetics, medicinal plants, plant ecology, phytochemistry, and plant conservation—ensuring there’s something relevant for every botanical interest and research capacity. Each topic is designed to be achievable within your final year timeframe while maintaining academic rigor and originality.

How to Choose the Right Botany Final Year Project Topic

Before diving into our curated list of final year project topics for botany students, consider these practical guidelines to ensure you make an informed decision:

• Match Your Interests: Select a topic that genuinely excites you, as you’ll spend several months researching and writing about it. Your passion will reflect in your work quality and research outcomes.
• Consider Resource Availability: Ensure you have access to necessary materials, laboratory facilities, plant specimens, or research data required for your chosen project within your institution.
• Evaluate Feasibility: Choose a topic that is achievable within your institution’s timeframe and resources, avoiding overly ambitious or time-intensive research designs that may exceed your capabilities.
• Check Current Relevance: Prioritize topics addressing contemporary botanical challenges such as climate adaptation, food security, medicinal plant sustainability, and environmental conservation.
• Consult Your Supervisor: Discuss potential topics with your academic supervisor to refine your focus and ensure alignment with departmental expectations and available resources.

Understanding these selection criteria will help you navigate the extensive list of project topics and identify options that best suit your academic level, research interests, and institutional resources. Additionally, consider reviewing best practices for developing your research topic to strengthen your project foundation.

30 Final Year Project Topics for Botany Students

1. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Native Nigerian Medicinal Plant Species and Their Pharmacological Potential

This research investigates the structural features and genetic markers of traditional medicinal plants, analyzing their phytochemical composition and bioactive compound effectiveness. The study combines morphological observation with molecular techniques including DNA barcoding and genetic sequencing to identify and characterize plant species. Researchers will analyze phytochemical profiles using chromatography and spectrometry techniques, then evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties against standard pharmaceutical compounds.

2. Impact of Climate Change on Stomatal Conductance and Water Use Efficiency in Drought-Tolerant Tropical Plant Species

This study examines how rising temperatures and water scarcity affect leaf gas exchange and plant water conservation mechanisms in tropical vegetation across different climate zones. The research will measure stomatal conductance under various temperature and humidity conditions, assess photosynthetic rates, and evaluate water use efficiency metrics. Data collection will involve field studies in tropical regions experiencing different climate scenarios and controlled laboratory experiments using specialized gas exchange analyzers.

3. Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plant Usage Among Rural Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa and Documentation of Traditional Knowledge

This research documents indigenous plant knowledge, usage patterns, and cultural significance while validating traditional claims through scientific investigation and preservation efforts. The project combines ethnographic fieldwork with scientific verification, conducting interviews with traditional healers and community members, documenting plant collection practices, and analyzing traditional preparation methods. Results will be compiled into an ethnobotanical database preserving traditional knowledge for future generations and potential pharmaceutical development.

4. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Endangered Plant Species in West African Rainforests Using Molecular Markers

This study assesses genetic variation within and among endangered plant populations, informing conservation strategies and breeding programs for species preservation. Researchers will collect plant samples from multiple populations, extract DNA, and analyze genetic markers using microsatellite and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis. Population genetic structure analysis will reveal evolutionary relationships, assess genetic diversity levels, and identify populations of conservation priority for targeted protection efforts.

5. Phytochemical Composition Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Extracts from Underutilized Tropical Fruit Plant Species

This research identifies bioactive compounds in underexplored plants, tests antimicrobial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and explores commercial applications. The study will extract phytochemical compounds using various solvents, identify specific compounds through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry, and evaluate antimicrobial activity using standard microbiological protocols against clinically relevant pathogenic organisms.

6. Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Regimes on Plant Growth, Yield, and Nutritional Quality of Leafy Vegetable Crops

This experimental study compares nitrogen application rates on vegetable growth parameters, crop productivity, and nutrient concentration in edible plant tissues. The research will establish controlled field plots with varying nitrogen treatments, monitor plant growth characteristics including height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation, measure crop yield at harvest, and analyze nutritional composition of harvested vegetables for protein, minerals, and vitamins.

7. Allelopathic Potential of Invasive Plant Species and Their Mechanisms of Competition Against Native Vegetation in Nigerian Ecosystems

This investigation examines chemical compounds released by invasive plants that inhibit native species growth, exploring ecological impacts and control strategies. Researchers will identify allelopathic compounds through chemical extraction and analysis, conduct bioassay experiments testing growth inhibition effects on native plant species, and investigate mechanisms of chemical release from invasive species tissues and soil interactions.

8. Optimization of Micropropagation Techniques for Large-Scale Propagation of Endangered Medicinal Plant Species Using Plant Tissue Culture

This research develops efficient in vitro propagation protocols for threatened plants, enabling mass production while reducing pressure on wild populations through biotechnology. The study will establish tissue culture protocols using explants from endangered species, optimize growth medium composition, hormone combinations, and environmental conditions for maximum regeneration efficiency. Protocols will be validated through repeated trials and documented for potential commercial application in species recovery programs.

9. Comparative Analysis of Soil Microbiota Associated with Plant Root Zones in Different Agricultural Management Systems and Their Impact on Plant Health

This study examines beneficial and pathogenic soil microorganisms in conventional versus organic farming systems, assessing their influence on plant nutrition and disease resistance. Research will involve soil sample collection from different agricultural systems, microbial DNA extraction and analysis through metagenomic sequencing, identification of microbial communities, and assessment of correlations between microbial diversity and plant health indicators.

10. Seasonal Variation in Secondary Metabolite Production of Medicinal Plants and Optimization of Harvest Timing for Maximum Bioactive Compound Yield

This research tracks phytochemical concentration changes across growing seasons, identifying optimal harvest periods for maximizing medicinal plant efficacy and commercial value. The study will collect plant samples at regular intervals throughout the year, analyze secondary metabolite concentrations using chromatography techniques, establish seasonal variation patterns, and determine harvest periods corresponding to peak bioactive compound concentrations.

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11. Evaluation of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria as Biological Agents for Sustainable Enhancement of Crop Productivity Without Chemical Fertilizers

This study isolates, identifies, and tests beneficial soil bacteria that stimulate plant growth, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers while improving sustainability. Research will involve bacterial isolation from soil samples, identification through 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical characterization, and evaluation of growth promotion mechanisms including nutrient solubilization, hormone production, and biofilm formation. Greenhouse trials will assess yield enhancement in vegetable crops treated with selected bacterial isolates.

12. Genomic Analysis and Identification of Genes Responsible for Drought Tolerance in Cereal Crops Using Advanced Molecular Breeding Techniques

This research maps genes controlling drought resistance in staple crops, facilitating development of climate-resilient varieties through marker-assisted selection. The study will conduct genome sequencing of drought-tolerant and susceptible cereal varieties, identify genetic variations associated with drought tolerance traits, and develop molecular markers for selection in breeding programs. Field validation will confirm marker effectiveness in identifying drought-tolerant individuals for agricultural improvement.

13. Phytoremediation Potential of Native Plant Species in Bioaccumulating and Detoxifying Heavy Metals from Contaminated Agricultural and Industrial Soils

This investigation tests plants’ capacity to absorb and accumulate toxic metals from polluted soils, exploring applications in environmental cleanup and soil remediation. Research will establish experimental plots in contaminated soils, cultivate native plant species, monitor plant growth and survival, harvest plants at designated intervals, and analyze metal concentration accumulation in plant tissues through atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

14. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure on Plant Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency, and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in Common Vegetable Crops

This experimental research examines UV light impacts on plant physiology, examining changes in growth rate, photosynthesis, and defense compound production. The study will expose plants to controlled UV radiation levels, measure growth parameters including height and leaf area, assess photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence, and analyze secondary metabolite concentration changes in response to UV stress through spectrophotometric methods.

15. Comparative Efficacy of Plant-Based Pesticides Derived from Indigenous Botanical Species Against Common Agricultural Pests and Crop Diseases

This study formulates natural pesticides from local plants, testing their effectiveness against insect pests and fungal diseases as sustainable alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Research will involve extraction of bioactive compounds from indigenous plants, formulation into stable pesticide preparations, standardization of application concentrations, and evaluation against standard pests and diseases through field and laboratory trials comparing effectiveness with synthetic pesticides.

16. Impact of Urbanization on Plant Species Diversity, Ecosystem Services, and Community Composition in City Green Spaces and Urban Forest Areas

This ecological study assesses how rapid urban development affects plant biodiversity, vegetation distribution, and ecosystem functions in metropolitan regions. The research will conduct vegetation surveys in urban and peri-urban areas using standardized ecological sampling methods, compile species inventories, measure biodiversity indices, assess ecosystem services provision, and analyze urbanization gradient effects on plant community composition and ecosystem function provision.

17. Propagation and Cultivation Protocol Development for High-Value Ornamental Plant Species in Tropical Climates Using Sustainable Horticultural Practices

This research establishes efficient growing techniques for valuable ornamental plants, addressing market demand while promoting environmentally responsible agricultural methods. The study will evaluate propagation techniques including seed germination, vegetative propagation methods, and tissue culture approaches. Cultivation protocols will optimize growth conditions, monitor environmental parameters, assess plant quality, and evaluate cost-effectiveness and sustainability metrics compared to conventional approaches.

18. Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Plant Defense Mechanisms Against Pathogenic Fungal Infections and Identification of Potential Biocontrol Strategies

This study investigates plant immune responses to fungal pathogens, identifying biochemical pathways and testing natural compounds that enhance disease resistance. Research will challenge plants with fungal pathogens, monitor defense response activation including enzyme production and gene expression, analyze signaling pathways, and test biocontrol compounds from natural sources for effectiveness in reducing fungal infection severity.

19. Extraction, Characterization, and Biological Activity Testing of Essential Oils from Aromatic Plant Species for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Applications

This research isolates and analyzes volatile compounds from aromatic plants, evaluating antimicrobial, antioxidant, and skin care properties for commercial product development. The study will extract essential oils using steam distillation and solvent extraction methods, characterize chemical composition through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and evaluate biological activities using standardized antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cell-based assays.

20. Effects of Artificial Light Spectrum and Duration on Growth Performance and Phytochemical Accumulation in Medicinal Plant Tissue Cultures

This experimental study optimizes light conditions in indoor cultivation systems, examining impacts on plant development and bioactive compound concentration in controlled environments. Research will establish tissue culture systems under varying light spectra and photoperiods, monitor growth parameters including biomass accumulation and morphogenesis, and analyze phytochemical production in response to different light regimes through chromatographic analysis.

21. Genetic Variation and Population Genetics Analysis of Endemic Plant Species in Biodiversity Hotspots to Inform Conservation and Management Strategies

This research uses molecular markers to assess genetic diversity patterns in rare species, providing data for establishing protected areas and recovery programs. The study will collect plant samples from endemic species populations, perform genetic analysis using molecular markers, calculate population genetic parameters, assess genetic differentiation patterns, and develop conservation recommendations based on genetic diversity findings.

22. Phytochemical Profile Comparison of Wild and Cultivated Populations of Medicinal Plants and Assessment of Cultivation Impact on Bioactive Compound Production

This study analyzes chemical differences between wild-harvested and farm-grown medicinal plants, exploring effects of domestication on therapeutic compound effectiveness. Research will collect samples from both wild and cultivated populations of the same species, analyze phytochemical composition through multiple chromatographic techniques, compare bioactive compound concentrations, and assess quality parameters important for medicinal applications.

23. Development and Evaluation of Biopesticide Formulations from Plant Alkaloids Against Major Insect Pests in Vegetable and Cereal Crop Production Systems

This research extracts plant alkaloids, develops stable formulations, and tests pesticidal efficacy, offering farmers effective and environmentally friendly pest management options. The study will identify and extract alkaloid compounds from selected plants, develop formulations optimizing stability and efficacy, conduct bioassays against target insect pests, and evaluate field performance in crop protection applications.

24. Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Associations on Plant Nutrient Uptake, Growth Performance, and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Contaminated Soil Environments

This investigation examines plant-fungus symbiotic relationships, assessing benefits for nutrient acquisition and contaminant absorption in degraded soil conditions. The research will establish plant-mycorrhizal associations under controlled conditions, monitor plant growth and nutrient status, analyze mycorrhizal colonization levels, and assess heavy metal uptake and accumulation patterns in contaminated soil environments.

25. Ethnopharmacological Validation and Standardization of Traditional Plant-Based Remedies Used in Indigenous Medicine Systems Across West African Communities

This research scientifically validates traditional plant remedies, standardizing preparation methods and testing safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing for potential pharmaceutical development. The study will document traditional remedies through ethnographic research, collect and authenticate plant materials, standardize preparation protocols, conduct phytochemical analysis, evaluate biological activities, and perform safety assessments on selected remedies.

26. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Plant Germplasm Collections for Identification of Elite Varieties with Superior Agronomic and Nutritional Traits

This comprehensive evaluation of plant genetic resources identifies superior individuals possessing desirable traits like yield, disease resistance, and nutritional density. The research will evaluate germplasm accessions for morphological characteristics, agronomic performance under field conditions, nutritional composition analysis, and genetic characterization through molecular markers to identify elite varieties for breeding programs.

27. Assessment of Plant Biodiversity and Structural Vegetation Changes in Protected Forest Reserves Following Conservation Intervention Implementation and Long-Term Monitoring

This ecological study monitors plant species composition and forest structure changes after protection measures, evaluating conservation strategy effectiveness over extended periods. Research will establish long-term vegetation monitoring plots in protected areas, conduct repeated biodiversity surveys, measure structural parameters including canopy height and density, assess regeneration patterns, and evaluate conservation intervention success.

28. Phytochemical-Based Development of Natural Food Preservatives from Plant Extracts and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy in Stored Agricultural Products

This research identifies preservative compounds in plants, formulates natural additives, and tests effectiveness in extending shelf life while maintaining food quality. The study will screen plant extracts for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, identify active compounds responsible for preservation effects, develop shelf-stable formulations, and evaluate effectiveness in food preservation applications through storage studies.

29. Reproductive Biology, Seed Viability, and Germination Requirements Analysis of Endangered Plant Species to Support Propagation and Reintroduction Programs

This study examines flowering patterns, seed production, germination triggers, and dormancy mechanisms of threatened plants, enabling successful breeding and habitat restoration. Research will analyze reproductive phenology, evaluate seed production and quality, identify dormancy mechanisms, develop germination protocols, and conduct propagation trials to support species recovery and reintroduction efforts.

30. Impact of Agricultural Intensification and Pesticide Application on Non-Target Plant Species Diversity, Soil Plant Communities, and Ecosystem Stability in Farming Landscapes

This research evaluates how intensive farming practices affect wild plant populations and soil health, highlighting ecological consequences and sustainable agricultural alternatives. The study will compare plant species diversity and composition in intensively managed versus low-input farming systems, assess pesticide residue impacts on non-target vegetation, and evaluate ecosystem service provision differences between management approaches.

Conclusion

The final year project topics for botany students presented in this comprehensive guide represent diverse research opportunities across plant genetics, medicinal botany, plant ecology, phytochemistry, and plant conservation. These 30 topics have been carefully selected to reflect current botanical research trends, industry applications, and the pressing environmental challenges of 2026. Whether your interest lies in sustainable agriculture, drug discovery, ecosystem restoration, or ethnobotany, each topic offers meaningful research potential aligned with contemporary botanical science.

Choosing the right final year project topic is your first step toward conducting impactful research that advances botanical knowledge and contributes to solving real-world plant science problems. These topics are designed to be both challenging enough to demonstrate your academic capability and achievable within standard final year timelines. They encourage you to engage with cutting-edge laboratory techniques, field research methodologies, and contemporary analytical approaches that will strengthen your professional competence in botanical research.

At Premium Researchers, we understand that transforming your chosen topic into a complete, well-researched, and professionally written project requires expertise, time, and access to quality resources. Our team of degree-holding botanists and plant science specialists are ready to help you develop comprehensive project materials, including literature reviews, research methodology, data analysis frameworks, and complete final reports. We’ve successfully supported botany students across Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, South Africa, the UK, and the US in achieving academic excellence. For additional insights into developing your research project, explore our resources on biology project development and biochemistry research approaches.

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