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WORK ETHICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF PHCN PORT HARCOURT)

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WORK ETHICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE (A CASE STUDY OF PHCN PORT )

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Purposeful actions in a proactive manner are required of contemporary organizations to achieve desired level of performance from workers with cognizance to the acceptable norms and best practices in the industry they belong too and country of operation. In the words of Schminke et al (2015), one of such action known as ethics is increasing, with work ethics as one of such actions that can bring about the desired performance level of employees job performance, irrespective of the sharp practices and unethical work practices of competitors in the business environment. However, there is perceived decline in work ethic, an evidence of this is well established in the integrity violations by many employees in our contemporary work organizations. Issues of fraud, theft, corruption, manipulation of information, misconduct, and the likes are well reported now. Notable scholars are of the opinion that to remain market a leader or become industry champion, ethical behavior must be institutionalized (Schminke, Arnaud and Kuenzi, 2015).

The performance of an is sometimes based on the ethical work climate. Ethical work climate reflects the collective moral reasoning of organization members. Thus, strong ethical climate provides employees a foundation for thinking about moral issues. Although organization members may reason effectively about the right thing to do, translating reason into action depends on the moderating effect of two additional contextual factors; collective moral emotion (in the form of collective empathy) and collective ethical efficacy. Furthermore, the moral reasoning reflected in ethical climate is more likely to translate to ethical behaviour if members: (i) Care about those impacted by their actions (empathy). (ii) Believe in their ability to successfully follow through in their decision (efficacy). Thus, ethical climate, collective moral emotion and collective ethical efficacy interact to create an environment more strongly related to ethical behavior. Ethical behavior is characterized by honesty, fairness and equity in interpersonal and professional relationship and it respects the dignity, diversity and the right of individual and groups of people. Therefore for an organization to move forward in the aspect of performance, it is important to have a good understanding of ethics and also take it seriously as this can undermine the competitive strength of the organization and the society at large (Harrington, 2011)

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In this era of globalization and multinational competition, ethical practices in business are assuming importance as relationships with various suppliers and customers are shaped by ethical practices and mutual trust. Therefore, ethical decision taking assumes importance in today's corporate world. When using the Internet and E-Commerce, it is important to remember that, there are many legal, moral and ethical issues to consider. Businesses entering the e-commerce world will be facing a new set of ethical challenges. It is easy for businesses to become side tracked in the technical challenges of operating in this way and to pay little attention to the ethical implications. There is a research gap in the study of ethical issues which, influence performance of business, which in turn can influence at various levels in the complex society. This study envisages the need for comparison of various ethical issues in the current business scenario and throws light on the key takeaway points for best Ethical Practices in Business. The desperation of the productive enterprise to achieve corporate goals and workers' desire for equity has naturally affected etiquette, integrity, self discipline, by extension the level of performance and productivity within the framework of employment relationship.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The major aim of the study is to examine work ethics and organizational performance. Other specific objectives are as follows;

1) To assess the level of employee awareness towards ethical conducts in PHCN Port Harcourt

2) To examine the factors that influence organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt

3) To examine the impact of team work on organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt.

4) To determine the relationship between work attitude and organizational performance in PHCN port Harcourt

5) To recommend ways of improving work ethics in an organization

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1) What is the level of employee awareness towards ethical conducts in PHCN Port Harcourt?

2) What are the factors that influence organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt?

3) What is the impact of team work on organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt?

4) What is the relationship between work attitude and organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt?

5) What are the recommended ways of improving work ethics in an organization?

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Hypothesis 1

H0: There is no significant impact of team work on organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt

H1: There is a significant impact of team work on organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt

Hypothesis 2

H0: There is no significant relationship between work attitude and organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt

H1: There is a significant relationship between work attitude and organizational performance in PHCN Port Harcourt

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is of the essence and useful to the and organizations in Nigeria in establishing the influence of workplace ethics and its contribution towards organizational performance. It gives the measures and recommendations which will impact positively performance of employees and organization in general if well capitalized. It provides also challenges for other researchers to carry out similar research on workplace ethics and add to their existing knowledge. It also offers inputs to policy makers.

1.7. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is restricted to work ethics and organizational performance, case study of PHCN, Port Harcourt.

1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the .

1.9 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Ethics: Ethics means being objective, honest, fair, caring and respectful at the work place. Ethics is concerned with morality and human conduct

Work Ethics: Work ethics comprises ethical values that govern employees at workplace. It can be described as a set of values, which include the right attitude, correct behavior, respect for others and effective communication in the workplace

Performance: Performance means accomplishing planned things.

Organizational performance: Organizational performance means overall actual results accomplished at variance with the expectations of the organization.

Ethical standards: Ethical standards are written rules to regulate ethical behavior of employees.

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