UNEMPLOYMENT AND ITS IMPACTS ON YOUTH IN NIGERIA
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UNEMPLOYMENT AND ITS IMPACTS ON YOUTH IN NIGERIA
CHAPITRE ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The current world population includes an estimated 1.2 billion young people aged 15 to 24, accounting for around 24.7% of the world’s working-age population. Youth unemployment is over three times higher than adult unemployment worldwide. As a result of the economic slump, global youth unemployment is anticipated to reach 25% by 2012 (International Labour Organisation, 2008).
Youth unemployment rates can reach 60% in some regions of the world, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. More than one-third of the world’s young people are unemployed, have given up looking for employment, are working but surviving on less than $2 per day (International Labour Organisation), or have moved.
In the current economic climate, young job searchers are having growing difficulty obtaining work, which has resulted in a number of social phenomena in society.
With a population of 154, 729,000 people, Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. We have a nominal GDP of $207.166 billion and a nominal per capita income of $140,011.
Nigeria also boasts the second largest economy in Africa; is this country not privileged, I wonder? Nonetheless, it continues to be plagued by youth unemployment, which has been one of our biggest issues in recent years. Both the government and the commercial sector have debated this issue at forums and conferences, but no solution has been discovered. Its survival has been related to a lack of power and financial empowerment for youngsters.
Youth unemployment in Nigeria is typically referred to as graduate unemployment, which means that only skilled youngsters are considered unemployed, while unskilled youths are ignored. However, teens are not a homogeneous group, and their employment prospects vary depending on a variety of characteristics ranging from area to gender to education level.
These phenomena have pushed Nigerian youths into a state of anomie, and they have resorted to dysfunctional methods such as armed robbery, prostitution, terrorism, kidnapping, thuggery, militancy, internet scams, fraudulent acts, and so on, in order to cope with the country’s growing economic meltdown.
Using a case study of Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State, this research will examine how the impact of unemployment in Nigeria has adversely impacted youths.
The study will look at how the rural and urban populations in the area respond to unemployment and the elements that influence them.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government has a growing population of 137,100 persons (National Planning Commission, 2006). The population is rapidly expanding, with big numbers of unemployed adolescents coexisting in the population.
Because of the high degree of unemployment in the Local Government Area, many have turned to dysfunctional tactics such as pick-pocketing, abduction, assassination, political thuggery, prostitution, scamming, and so on to supplement their income and ensure their communal survival.
People in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area perceive these dysfunctional tactics as an alternative to their unemployed condition in the area, as the government has failed to provide the necessary unemployment chances.
Based on the foregoing statements, many questions arise, such as why is the rate of unemployment in Ibesikpo Local Government Area so high, despite the area’s wealth in mineral and natural resources, and what are the negative consequences of these social phenomena for the people of Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions will be addressed by this study:
How prevalent is youth employment in the Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area?
What are the ramifications of juvenile employment in the area?
iii. How is the government addressing the problem of unemployment in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area?
In what ways does the high rate of social vices in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area connect to the unemployment rate?
What are the consequences of youth unemployment in the local government’s urban and rural areas?
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The study’s main goal is to critically evaluate how unemployment affects the outcome of youth social behaviour and features in society. In accordance with the problem statement, the study will also strive to fulfil the following minor objectives:
The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of unemployment on youth activities in the Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area.
To investigate various social phenomena in which unemployment is a contributing element in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area.
iii. To examine Akwa Ibom State Government policies on youth unemployment in the Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area.
To investigate the many elements influencing urban and rural youth unemployment in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area.
To contribute to the provision of various techniques for reducing youth unemployment in the Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area.
1.5 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES
In this investigation, two hypotheses will be investigated. These are some examples:
Unemployment and youth activities have no significant association.
In Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area, there is no significant relationship between unemployment and social vices.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be useful in many ways; it will be used as a tool for future research by other researchers who will attempt to do research in the same topic in the future.
The study will assist the government in providing better solutions for youth unemployment in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area, Nigeria, and beyond. It will also aid scholars in the progression of knowledge by providing reference material, term paper topics, symposium and seminar presentations.
The report will be a useful reference and tool in the fight against rising unemployment. It will also act as a foundation or foundation for other scholars to challenge, revise, and correct the study work. The study will provide answers to various arms of government in Nigeria about unemployment and its underlying causes in society, particularly among youngsters.
1.7 LIMITATIONS AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The investigation will be limited to the Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government, which includes both urban and rural areas. It will be limited to Nung Udoe’s urban hub. Also included are rural locations such as Obot Idim, Okop Ndua Erong, and Obio Aduang.
The study will become acquainted with terms such as unemployment, different sorts of unemployment, youths, Nigeria, Ibesikpo Asutan, poverty, kidnapping, and armed robbery, among others.
The Anomy Model proposed by Emile Durkheim will be used as the theoretical framework for the investigation.
1.8 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
Several scholars have undertaken studies on unemployment and its effects on society’s youth. For example, the International Labour Organisation (2010) discovered that in 35 countries where data is available, nearly 40% of job searchers have been out of employment for more than a year, putting them at risk of demoralisation, self-esteem loss, and mental health difficulties. More importantly, unemployment affects young people disproportionately.
Thooker (2011) found that unemployment in the United States of America (U.S.A) is currently at an eye-popping 9.6% in a study done in the United States of America (U.S.A). Four out of every ten Americans desire to work but are unable to find jobs.
Citizens who have been out of work for a long period and have thus lost unemployment benefits that have expired are severely affected by the circumstance. This predicament has caused the American government to spend more money on social welfare programmes for unemployed teenagers, putting strain on other sectors of the American economy.
According to White and Wyn (2004), unemployment is a single factor that impacts young people, their families, and communities. Today, youth unemployment is a severe problem all over the world; nearly half of the unemployed are young people.
Awogbenle and Iwoamadi (2010) determined in Nigeria that youth unemployment was a barrier to developing economies. They said that the job market has deteriorated for everyone, not only experienced and educated young people. Instead of serving others, they advised adolescents to become self-employed through the entrepreneurial process.
According to the preceding literature, none of the research have provided a comparative examination of unemployment and its impact on young people in contemporary Nigeria.
This is why I choose to focus my consequences on current society through a case study of Akwa Ibom State’s Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area.
DEFINITION OF CONCEPT UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment in economics refers to the state and extent of joblessness within an economy, and it is defined in terms of the unemployment rate, which is the number of unemployed people divided by the total civilian labour force. As a result, unemployment is the state of not having a job, also known as being out of work or unemployed. The history of unemployment parallels that of industrialization.
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