THE EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
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ABSTRACT
Multinational Corporations are now globally accepted corporations that have adopted diverse cultures and assume social responsibility for their host communities. In order to evaluate the extent of multinational corporations’ exploration in Nigeria, it became necessary to assess the contribution of multinational corporations to community development. A review of relevant literature was conducted to provide context for the study. The required theoretical background, available statistics from the natural population commission, and the sample size of one hundred respondents (100) indicate that the Eket community has an estimated population of one hundred one thousand six hundred ten (101,610), and the questionnaire was used to collect data. (4) For the study, four hypotheses were formulated and tested using the simple percentage (%) statistical method of data analysis; based on the analyses, the following conclusions were drawn: It was discovered that the multinational corporation violates human rights and pollutes the environment rather than investing in the local community. Following the study’s findings, some helpful recommendations were made for the resolution of the problems identified. It suggested that in order to make people feel statistical, the company must meet their needs in great detail. To expand the area of here social responsibility in order to create employment and accelerate community development. The conclusion is that the law of the land is not adequately implemented; the multinational corporation will not contribute to the growth of her host town.
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FIRST PART
INTRODUCTION
1.1 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY:
People in both the business and non-business sectors use the term multinational corporation; to some, it refers to a large firm with five or six branches in a state, while to others, it refers to a large firm with branches in all the states or divisions of a country. According to Prasad and Shetty (1976), multinational enterprises are businesses that effectively function under the sovereignty of multiple nations. In addition, they emphasize that multinational enterprises are organizations that must adapt to a variety of economic conditions, value systems, and geographical distances.
Multinational organizations, according to this definition, are major businesses that operate in many parts of the world, but often have a single prestigious headquarters in the place where they were founded. Multiple global firms operate in Nigeria and overseas.
However, the researcher is utilizing Exxonmobil oil production in Nigeria at Eket, Akwa-Ibom State, for the purposes of this study. it is worthy of mention
Mention that multinational firms in foreign ownership are required to observe the rules and edicts of the host country or suffer confiscation. Due to the nature of their operations, multinational firms must not only deal with a more intricate organizational structure, but also with a great deal more intricate and delicate issues.
variety of environmental influences compared to domestic operations These corporations are regarded as economic titans due to their size, economic strength, efficiency, stability, dynamism, and adaptability, and frequently hold a technological oligopoly. According to Elwood (1979), the scale and scope of multinational firms in many developing countries frequently result in significant societal changes that disrupt or undermine the social programs and objectives of the host government.
In developing nations, multinational corporations are notorious for their exploitative tendencies. Concerned African nations have made numerous accusations that these firms seek to exploit the natural and human resources of impoverished African nations without compensating them or expressing gratitude. In terms of business social responsibility, it is impossible to say that these firms satisfy the yearnings and aspirations of the communities in which they operate, despite the fact that they exploit African nations and generate enormous profits from their economic operations.
According to Offlang (1980), imperialism and dependence are exemplified by the west’s exploitation of developing nations and the infiltration of western capital into impoverished African nations.
The contribution of these multinational corporations to community development cannot be described as encouraging. This is demonstrated by the popular demand for recompense.
Communities in which major corporations operate because these communities supply the necessary raw resources for their operation.
Sometimes, after waiting patiently for these firms to meet their social demands without reaction, these communities take the law into their own hands to express their anger. It is important to note that oil-producing communities are expected to benefit the most from multinational corporations conducting oil exploration in these regions. These oil exploration companies should offer these towns with a multitude of social amenities, including piped water, power, adequate roads, and recreational facilities, among others. These neighborhoods should be the focus of the corporation’s employment, scholarship, and other incentive programs.
In addition to expressing my opinion that oil producing villages should profit more from oil exploration multinational firms operating in such areas, I would want to point out that oil drilling has created pollution and other dangers to these people. These are instances in which, as a result of an oil spill, a large number of aquatic species perish and the seawater becomes foul and toxic, causing unimaginable agony for these communities.
1.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM
Due to the risks and exploitation posed by multinational corporations to the communities in which they operate, it is crucial that they demonstrate a high level of social responsibility toward these populations.
Nonetheless, it is difficult to. Suppose that a particular company
has contributed sufficiently to the growth of a certain
Community community development covers numerous aspects, including the provision of infrastructure amenities, jobs, and scholarships, among others. Corporations operating in their regions are neglectful, unappreciative, and inadequately compensating local communities, causing them to cry out in frustration.
The corporations counter this claim in their public statements by asserting that they have appropriately addressed their social needs. The researcher also observes a discrepancy between the corporation and the community over who has fulfilled his promise of providing social infrastructures and economic advantage (or) whether the community is pleased with what the firm has done for the community thus far.
1.3. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY;
The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the contributions of multinational corporations to community development.
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The study’s particular aims are:
a. To investigate the divergence of opinion between companies and hosts.
Community.
a. To evaluate the social responsibility level Executed in Eket by Exxonmobil Oil Producing Nigeria.Plc.
c. Determine the extent to which ExxonMobil has contributed to the
development of Eket.
D To investigate the corporation’s actual community involvement in
In terms of infrastructure development.
a. Examine the benefits Exxonmobil provides to the citizens of Eket.
f. To highlight the issues affecting the community and environment of Eket
Exxonmobil’s existence is essential.
g. a proposal that Exxonmobil should concentrate on developing Eket as her host
community.
1.4 Importance of the Research
When correctly stated, the study’s focus on the contribution of multinational corporations to host communities will be of immense value to numerous interest groups. Exxonmobil and the inhabitants of Eket disagree on the firms’ ability to provide their infrastructure and other needs. People believe the firm has not adequately compensated them, hence their desires and dreams remain unfulfilled. The research would be valuable for generating
Due to the disparity in their claims, the study will assist in identifying stall ci and the host community in order to foster efficient and successful human relationships. This study will be valuable for eradicating the disparity, calling for a compromise, and preventing frequent contributions from both parties.
Nonetheless, the researcher is confident that not only the citizens of Eket, the government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and the Exxonmdbil employees, but also the general leader, would find this study to be useful. Researchers and potential researchers in the area of study will benefit from the research. It will act as a roadmap for future studies.
1.5 RADIUS OF STUDY
The purpose of this research is to evaluate Exxonmobil’s contribution to the community development of Eket’s inhabitants. The study is limited to Eket Local Government Area in Akwa-Ibom State and focuses on the firm’s social responsibility to the local community.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order for the study to meet its stated goals, the
The following research questions were developed.
Has Exxonmobil given Eket residents with social amenities?
What economic benefits does Exxonmobil provide to the community of Eket?
3. Does the global organization consult the residents of Eket based on their
How can Multinational Corporations help to the forward development of U.S. communities?
1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
To enable the researcher to achieve the stated objective, the following four hypotheses were developed:
(HO) Exxonmobil has not provided Eket residents with social amenities. –
That Exxonmobil has supplied Eket residents with social amenities.
2. (HO) Exxonmobil has not economically benefitted the Eket community.
(HI) Exxonmobil has benefitted the Eket neighborhood.
economically.
3. (HO) That the international firm does not consult the residents of Eket regarding their requirements. That multinational firms consult with the inhabitants of Eket in accordance with their needs.
This multinational firm has not contributed to the improvement of its host community.
(HI) This global firm has made contributions to
the growth of their host community
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
During the course of the investigation, the researcher encountered various practical issues. Some respondents felt that the questions were designed to reveal the community’s lack of social and economic progress, which constituted one of the limitations. Certain information that should have been included in this study was withheld from the researcher by department staff.
Moving from one location to the next in order to administer the questionnaire was arduous because of distance and transportation issues. It was extremely difficult to obtain information from illiterate villages, which opposed interviews in the majority of cases.
Due to the heavy workload in class, the researcher found it challenging to continue with her research. A research project of this scope takes a considerable amount of time to be productive.
DEFINITION TERMS
Shell pipeline Development corporation (SPDC)
Environmental investigation Agency, or EIA
Movement of the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP)
MNE: Multi-National Enterprises
Export Processing Zones (EPZ)
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Research and Development (R & D)
CENDAL: Centre for the Legal Development of Africa
Profit after taxes
EKET: A local government in Akwa-ibom, one of the state’s most resource-rich locations.
HETEROMORPHIC: Having to do with dissimilar shapes, sizes, looks, or constructions.
The mathematical link between geometric shapes called homeomorphic.
MNC: Multinational businesses
It has to do with purchasing multi-national plans that view each country as a separate rival.
It relates to wishful decision making from a global perspective.
NDA: Niger Delta Areas
MILITANTS: Ex-military men who band together to disrupt the country’s operations through terrorist activities.
THE EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
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