Soluble Solid and Cyanide in Cassava Processing Water Waste Bod and Biological Toxicity in the Aqueous Environment
Chapter One
1.1 History Of Soybeans
1.2 Uses Of Soybeans
1.3 Composition Of Soybeans
1.4 Nutritional Quality Of Soybeans
1.5 Antinutritional Factors
1.6 Trypsin Inhibitor
1.7 Haemagluttins
1.8 Soybeans Saponings
1.9 Protein Quality Of Soubeans
1.10 Aims And Objectives
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Milk From Soybeans
2.2 Nutritional Value Of Soybeans
2.3 Essential Amino Acid Content Of Soybeans
2.4 Undesirable Components Of Soybeans
2.4.1 Trypsin Inhibitor
2.4.2 Clrease
2.4.3 Haemagluttuis
2.4.4 Gioterogens
2.4.5 Phytic Acid
2.4.6 Bitter And Beeany Flavour
2.4.7 Flatus
2.4.8 Soymilk Flavour
2.4.9 Soymilk And Lipoxidase Activity
2.6.1 Nutritional Aspect Of Soymilk
2.6.2 Proteins
2.6.3 Vitamins And Minerals
2.6.4 Fats
Chapter Three
3.1 Materials
3.2 Methods I Hot Extraction Method
3.3 Method Ii Cold Extraction Method
3.4 Method Iii Soaking Before Hot Extraction Method
3.5 Method Of Analysis
Chapter Four
4.0 Result And Discussion
4.1 Effect Of Soaking Time On The Organoptic Qualities Of Soymilk
4.2 Effect Of Soaking Time On The Protein Recovery And Total Solids
4.3 Effect Of Blanching Time On The Organoleptic Qualities Of Soymilk
4.4 Effect Of Blanching Time On Protein Recovery And Total Solids
Chapter Five
5.0 Conclusion And Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
References
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cassava processing wastes on the soil environment of a local cassava mill in Ekiadolor, Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. The microbial, physicochemical, and mineral compositions of fresh cassava effluent, waste pit cassava effluent, soil around the cassava mill (soil 1), and soil samples 100 m away from the mill (control, soil 2) were determined.
The highest microbial count was found in Soil 2 (3.52 105 cfu/ml). Klebsiella aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were among the microbial species isolated.
The isolated microorganisms were most common in soil 1, accounting for 37.5 percent of the total. Fresh cassava effluent was the most acidic, with a pH of 3.2, and waste pit cassava effluent had the highest cyanide content, at 53.52 mg/l.
Mineral contents (Ca, Mg, Na, and K) in fresh cassava effluent, waste pit effluent, and soil 1 were significantly lower (p0.05) than in the control. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Zn, Mn, Al, Pb, and Cu) were significantly higher in soil 1 than in soil 2.
Except for the control sample, all of the samples had high nitrate and phosphate levels. The continuous disposal of cassava processing wastes in the soil environment surrounding the mill and into a waste pit has degraded soil quality, resulting in environmental degradation.
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