Project Topic:
family influence ON CRIMINAL behaviour (A STUDY OF ALADE IDANRE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ondo STATE)
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The family is human society's basic building stone. The impact of family on criminal behaviour has much to be learned. There has been a lot of concern over the years in the criminology literature regarding the relative importance of family structure (mainly involvement or absence of parents) and family role (attachment between parent and child, family dispute, control, discipline, parental interest, etc.).
As a potential factor for possible delinquency or criminality, a detrimental family trait such as inadequate parental control of children is also studied, and children who come from such families are assumed to be at higher risk or more likely to commit crimes than children who do not. When the reverse occurs, such as an infant growing up in a caring and nurturing family, scholars also point to these factors as “protective” factors, as they foster the durability of a child or have protective defences against the onset of criminal involvement, even in the face of unfavourable circumstances (Derzon, 2015). It is also likely that family factors interact with other factors in a complex relationship difficult for researchers to tease out (Derzon, 2015). There are a number of studies examining the role of the family and other social, psychological, genetic, and environmental factors on crime. For example, there are longitudinal studies in which large cohorts of children are followed for years, with some becoming criminal and others remaining law-abiding. Such studies provide a fertile ground for analyzing and comparing the factors that predict the onset of criminal behavior (Farrington, 2017). Another set of studies follows a group of already identified offenders who have been released from prison, or have completed their probation or parole term. In any set of already identified offenders, some will become recidivist and others will not. Again, it provides opportunity to analyze the factors that are most persuasive in these already identified offenders becoming recidivist or not (Gottfredson and Tonry, 2014).
Most researchers, prompted by the work of Nye (2016) and Hirschi (2015), came to believe it was family function that was the important family factor in determining criminal behavior. Kierkus and Bauer (2012) stated that broken home, divorce, parental conflict, parental rejection and poor living conditions are on the increased such many children who find themselves in such situations had not learnt what behaviour is appropriate or not. research findings have shown that children raised in single-parent family are more likely to display antisocial behaviour. Derzon and Lipsey (2012) noted that children living in single-parent families, who were strongly attached to their custodial parent were more likely to commit delinquent acts than children living in intact homes who were strongly attached to both parents. Their study also indicated that children from intact home who were strongly attached to just one of their parents were likely to commit delinquent acts. There is the general notion by scholars that children who have experienced early socio-economic hardship have been found to display aggressive and antisocial behaviours later in life, and to be less popular than other children among their peers. Hollin, Brown and Palmer (2012) opined that it is difficult to separate the simple fact of being poor from other risk factors such as large family size, single-parent families or broken homes or criminal behaviour. They are of the view that children from broken home such as those with divorced or separated parents have lasting problem into adulthood. They asserted that children from divorced parents enter into sexual relations earlier, make poor occupational choices, develop less stable long-term relationship, develop long-term problem behaviour and suffer from depression and over anxieties. They further stated that economic pressure does influence parent stress, depression and marital conflict which in turn influences parent-child, parent-adolescent relationships and eventually leads to antisocial behaviour by the young person. Sinclair (2015) however, found in her own study that criminal behaviour is present among children from rich and poor homes. She reported that children from rich homes, due to their privileged positions and opportunities open to them, are more involved in white collar crimes like bribery and corruption or the so called victimless crime. The lower class children, on the other hand, engage more in offences like theft, rape, prostitution, vandalism and other violent crimes.
Family is one of the most important grounds of crime and crime victimization development. The experts, welfare workers, lawyers and sociologists argue that the factor or factors should be identified that provide the kind of conditions under which the individuals abuse, tolerate or accept the crime in order to secure the society, reduce the social harms and finally propose the procedures to reform it. The purpose of this study was to investigate how family related factors influences criminal behaviour of people in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The adolescents and youth's crime has always been a part of communities problem, but it never has been too cute as a social problem but the rise of adolescents and youth's crime after the nineteenth century especially the violent and atrocity crimes has been considered as one of the great social problems that has raised concerns of world public opinions. In this respect, the recent reports of United Nations indicate that the rate of crime is growing throughout the world and the crime rate increases more than the population growth.
A negative family characteristic such as poor parental supervision of children is often studied as a risk factor for future delinquency or crime, and children who come from such homes are believed to be at greater risk or are more likely to commit offenses than children who do not. When the reverse occurs such as a child growing up in a loving and supportive home researchers often refer to these variables as “protective” factors, as they promote a child's resiliency or provide protective barriers against the onset of criminal involvement even in the light of adverse conditions. It is also likely that family factors interact with other factors in a complex relationship difficult for researchers to tease out. The impact of the interaction of these factors has been found in a few studies; however this remains an area that requires more research. The influence of family on criminal behaviour has been focused upon.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The general objective of this study is to examine family influence on criminal behaviour. The specific objectives include the following:
1. To examine how child rearing practices influences criminal behaviour in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
2. To examine how family type influence criminal behaviour in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
3. To examine the extent to which parents socio-economic status encourages the child involvement in criminal activities in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State
4. To examine the relationship between family and criminal behaviour of people in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. To examine how child rearing practices influences criminal behaviour in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
2. To examine how family type influence criminal behaviour in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
3. To examine the extent to which parents socio-economic status encourages the child involvement in criminal activities in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State
4. To examine the relationship between family and criminal behaviour of people in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: Family related factors do not influence the criminal behviour of people in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
H1: Family related factors do influence the criminal behviour of people in Alade Idanre Local Government Area, Ondo State.
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