ECONOMICS – Premium Researchers https://www.premiumresearchers.com Thu, 19 Feb 2026 17:02:03 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.5 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cropped-PR-Logo-Icon1-32x32.png ECONOMICS – Premium Researchers https://www.premiumresearchers.com 32 32 WRITING CHAPTER 1 OF YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/#respond Thu, 19 Feb 2026 17:02:03 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=39277 Writing Chapter 1 of Your Research Project: A Complete Guide to Building Your Research Foundation

Reading Time: 8-10 minutes

Key Takeaways

  • Chapter 1 is the critical foundation of your entire research project, introducing your topic, problem, and research direction
  • It must contain nine essential components: introduction, background, problem statement, objectives, research questions, significance, scope and limitations, assumptions, and operational definitions
  • These components must work together coherently, with each section building on the previous one
  • Writing Chapter 1 requires strategic planning, clear writing, and ensuring all elements align with each other
  • Professional guidance from experienced researchers can dramatically improve your Chapter 1 quality and save you weeks of revision

Understanding Chapter 1 in Research

If you’re struggling to write Chapter 1 of your research project, you’re not alone. This is where most students and researchers get stuck because Chapter 1 sets the tone for everything that follows. The problem is that many students approach it as just another chapter to complete, not realizing that Chapter 1 determines whether your reader (and your evaluator) understands why your research matters.

Chapter 1 is fundamentally different from every other chapter in your research project. While Chapter 2 reviews existing literature, Chapter 3 explains your methods, and Chapter 4 presents your findings, Chapter 1 must accomplish something far more complex: it must hook your reader, establish the context for your study, identify a genuine problem worth investigating, and lay out exactly what you plan to do about it. As research methodologist John W. Creswell noted, “The introduction is the most important part of your research paper because it provides the context and purpose for the entire study.”

Here’s where many students struggle: They write Chapter 1 without understanding how each section connects to the others. They jump from background to objectives without clearly showing why those objectives matter. They define their problem without clearly stating who is affected or what happens if the problem goes unaddressed. The result is a disjointed, confusing introduction that leaves readers wondering about the purpose of the research.

This is exactly where PremiumResearchers can help you. Our team of experienced academic writers specializes in crafting compelling Chapter 1 sections that establish clear research direction and pass rigorous academic standards. We understand the specific requirements of Nigerian universities (UNILAG, OAU, University of Ibadan, and others) and international academic standards. Rather than struggle through multiple revisions, many students choose to work with us to get it right from the start. We can provide you with personalized Chapter 1 samples for your specific research topic, showing you exactly how to structure each component and how they connect together.

The Nine Essential Components of Chapter 1

Every well-constructed Chapter 1 contains nine specific components, each serving a distinct function in your research narrative. Think of these as the building blocks that, when properly arranged, create a compelling case for why your research needs to be done.

Here are the nine components in logical order:

  1. Introduction
  2. Background of the Study
  3. Statement of the Problem
  4. Research Objectives
  5. Research Questions and/or Hypotheses
  6. Significance of the Study
  7. Scope and Limitations
  8. Basic Assumptions
  9. Operational Definition of Terms

The key to effective Chapter 1 writing is understanding that these components aren’t isolated sections that stand alone. Instead, they form an interconnected system where each component builds on and supports the others. Your background sets up your problem statement. Your problem statement justifies your research objectives. Your objectives generate your research questions. Your research questions require specific methods (which you’ll detail in Chapter 3). Your significance section explains why anyone should care about answering those questions.

Most students who struggle with Chapter 1 are writing these components in isolation, then wondering why they don’t fit together. This is a structural problem that requires strategic thinking before you start writing.

Crafting a Compelling Introduction

Your introduction section is your first and best opportunity to capture your reader’s attention. Think of it as the gateway to your entire research project. If it fails to engage the reader or fails to establish clear direction, everything that follows will struggle to resonate.

An effective introduction uses what’s called the “funnel approach” – you begin with a broad, general statement about your field or topic, then gradually narrow your focus until you arrive at your specific research focus. This approach accomplishes several things simultaneously: it provides necessary context, it shows how your research fits into the larger academic conversation, and it demonstrates that you understand the significance of your topic.

Here’s a strong example:

The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed how people communicate, learn, and work. Social media platforms have become integral to daily life, with over 5.3 billion users globally as of 2024. Among these users, university students represent one of the most active demographics, spending 3-5 hours daily on social platforms. While these platforms offer unprecedented opportunities for knowledge sharing and collaboration, their relationship with academic performance remains poorly understood in the Nigerian higher education context. Previous research conducted in Western settings may not fully apply to Nigerian students, who face different digital access patterns, learning environments, and cultural factors. This gap in context-specific research represents a significant opportunity to advance our understanding of how digital engagement affects student learning outcomes.

Notice how this introduction moves from a general observation (digital transformation), to a specific statistic (5.3 billion users), to a specific population (university students), to an acknowledged gap (lack of Nigerian context), to why that gap matters (different contexts require different understanding). This is the funnel structure working effectively.

Key elements of a strong introduction:

  • Opens with a compelling statement that captures attention
  • Provides necessary background information without overwhelming the reader
  • Uses specific statistics or recent developments to establish relevance
  • Identifies where your study fits into the larger research conversation
  • Transitions smoothly into the specific focus of your research
  • Signals what the reader can expect in the sections that follow

Writing Your Background Section

The background section is where you tell the story of your research problem. It’s not a literature review (that comes in Chapter 2), but rather a narrative that explains how your research question emerged and why it matters now.

A strong background section typically covers four key areas:

  • Historical development: How has this issue evolved over time? What triggered interest in this area?
  • Current state of knowledge: What do we currently understand about this topic?
  • Gaps in existing research: What specifically do we NOT know?
  • Contextual factors: What factors specific to your context (Nigeria, your institution, your field) make this research timely and relevant?

Here’s a strong example from a study on remote learning:

Distance education has a long history extending back to 19th-century correspondence courses, but technological advancement accelerated its adoption significantly. The emergence of Learning Management Systems (LMS) and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the early 2000s demonstrated online learning’s scalability. However, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 created an unprecedented shift to remote learning that forced institutions to transition overnight, often without adequate preparation.

Existing research on voluntary online learning (Ahmed, 2022; Johnson, 2023) provides insights into student motivation and engagement. However, these studies focused on students who chose online learning. The literature reveals a significant gap regarding students forced into remote learning situations, particularly concerning their psychological adjustment, sense of belonging, and long-term academic outcomes. This gap is especially pronounced for African students, where most research has been conducted in Western contexts.

In the Nigerian higher education setting, where many institutions lack robust digital infrastructure and students come from varying digital literacy backgrounds, the specific challenges of forced remote learning remain under-researched. This study addresses that gap by examining the psychological and academic impacts of forced remote learning on undergraduates at major Nigerian universities.

This background section accomplishes several things: it establishes historical context, acknowledges what we know from existing research, explicitly identifies the research gap, and explains why this gap matters specifically in the Nigerian context.

Developing a Strong Problem Statement

This is where your entire research project hinges. Your problem statement must be crystal clear because everything else in your research flows from this foundation. The problem statement answers the fundamental question: “What is the research problem, and why does it matter?”

Many students write vague problem statements like “This study examines social media’s impact on student performance.” This is far too broad and doesn’t clearly identify what specific problem needs to be solved.

A strong problem statement should:

  • Clearly identify the specific problem (not just a general topic)
  • Explain why it matters and to whom it matters
  • Indicate who is affected by this problem
  • Suggest potential consequences if the problem remains unaddressed
  • Be specific enough to guide your research methodology

Weak Problem Statement: “Social media affects student academic performance.”

Strong Problem Statement: “While social media is ubiquitous among Nigerian university students, research has not adequately examined how specific usage patterns (time spent, platform choice, timing of use) relate to academic performance outcomes, particularly in the context of competing demands from hybrid learning environments. This gap in understanding creates challenges for educational institutions attempting to help students maintain healthy digital habits while optimizing their use of technology for learning.”

The strong version specifically identifies: what we don’t understand (relationship between specific usage patterns and performance), the population (Nigerian university students), the context (hybrid learning environments), and why it matters (institutions need this information to support students).

Setting Clear Research Objectives

Research objectives translate your problem statement into specific, achievable goals. They answer the question: “What exactly will this research accomplish?”

Effective objectives are specific, measurable, and aligned with your problem statement. They should be written in clear, active language using strong action verbs.

Here’s how to structure effective research objectives:

General Objective (singular, overarching goal):

To assess the relationship between social media usage patterns and academic performance among undergraduate students at major Nigerian universities.

Specific Objectives (multiple, measurable goals):

  1. To quantify the average daily time spent on social media by undergraduate students and identify primary platforms used.
  2. To identify the specific usage patterns (passive scrolling vs. active learning engagement) most prevalent among students.
  3. To measure the correlation between identified usage patterns and cumulative GPA, course completion rates, and student-reported academic satisfaction.
  4. To explore students’ perspectives on how social media affects their concentration, motivation, and academic engagement.
  5. To develop context-specific recommendations for students and institutions regarding healthy social media use in academic settings.

Notice that each specific objective uses action verbs (quantify, identify, measure, explore, develop) and is specific enough that you could create a research method to accomplish it. Avoid vague objectives that use weak verbs like “understand,” “know,” or “examine.”

Formulating Research Questions and Hypotheses

Your research questions are the concrete inquiries that will guide your data collection and analysis. They represent the translation of your objectives into specific questions that your research will answer. If your objectives describe what you’ll accomplish, your research questions describe what you’ll investigate.

Research questions are particularly important because they directly determine your research methodology. A question asking “what is the prevalence of X?” suggests quantitative methods. A question asking “how do students experience Y?” suggests qualitative methods.

Structure your research questions this way:

Primary Research Question:

To what extent do specific social media usage patterns correlate with academic performance outcomes among undergraduate students at Nigerian universities?

Secondary Research Questions:

  1. What are the predominant social media usage patterns among undergraduates, and how do these vary by gender, discipline of study, and level of education?
  2. Which usage patterns show the strongest correlation with academic performance indicators (GPA, course completion, academic satisfaction)?
  3. How do students themselves perceive the relationship between their social media use and academic outcomes?
  4. What factors enable students to maintain balanced social media use while meeting academic demands?

If your research is quantitative, add hypotheses:

  1. H1: Students spending more than 4 hours daily on social media will have significantly lower cumulative GPAs than those spending less than 2 hours daily.
  2. H2: Passive scrolling and entertainment-focused social media use will be negatively associated with academic performance, while learning-focused use will show positive associations.
  3. H3: Students who use social media during designated study times will report lower academic satisfaction than those who maintain temporal boundaries.

Each hypothesis is testable, specific, and directly addresses one of your research questions.

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Establishing the Significance of Your Study

The significance section answers the crucial “So what?” question. It explains why your research matters and who will benefit from your findings. This section must justify the time and resources your research requires.

Structure your significance section to address multiple stakeholder groups:

For Students: How will your findings help students make better decisions about their social media use? Will your research provide concrete strategies they can implement?

For Educators and Institutions: How will your findings help institutions support student success? What institutional policies or programs could be informed by your research?

For the Academic Field: What gap in the literature does your research address? What new understanding will it contribute?

For Society/Policy: Do your findings have implications for broader discussions about digital wellbeing, educational policy, or social change?

This study has significance for multiple stakeholders. For students, it provides data-driven insights into how their social media habits affect academic success, enabling more informed decisions about technology use. For educators and university administrators, it offers evidence-based understanding of digital engagement patterns, informing the design of student support programs and academic policies. The research addresses a notable gap in the literature by providing context-specific evidence from Nigerian universities, where digital divides, infrastructure challenges, and cultural factors create a distinct landscape from Western research contexts.

Methodologically, this mixed-methods approach contributes a replicable framework for examining technology-learning relationships in African educational settings. Policy implications extend to national discussions about digital literacy in higher education and the development of technology integration guidelines that account for local context and student wellbeing.

Defining Scope and Limitations

Many students view the scope and limitations section as something to minimize or downplay. Actually, the opposite is true. Clearly defining your boundaries demonstrates research sophistication and intellectual honesty. It shows that you understand your research context and have made deliberate choices about what to study and what to exclude.

Your scope describes what your research WILL address:

This research focuses specifically on undergraduate students (200-level to 400-level) enrolled full-time at three major universities in Lagos State during the 2024-2025 academic year. The study examines five primary social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, TikTok, and WhatsApp) where undergraduate students demonstrate significant engagement. The research is limited to students with consistent internet access and does not include distance learning students or those with irregular digital access. Data collection covers a 4-month period during the regular academic semester.

Your limitations describe constraints and potential weaknesses:

  1. Geographic limitation to Lagos State may not represent students in other regions with different infrastructure, economic, or cultural contexts.
  2. Self-reported data on social media usage may be subject to recall bias or social desirability bias.
  3. The 4-month study period may not capture longer-term impacts or seasonal variations in academic performance.
  4. The study cannot establish causation, only correlation, therefore we cannot definitively state that social media use causes lower academic performance.
  5. Institutional differences among the three universities may affect generalizability of findings.

By clearly stating limitations, you demonstrate that you’ve thought critically about your research design and understand where your conclusions apply and where they don’t. This actually enhances your credibility rather than undermining it.

Identifying Assumptions and Operational Definitions

Every research project rests on underlying assumptions – things you take to be true for your research to be valid. Making these explicit is a mark of research rigor.

Theoretical Assumptions:

  1. Students can accurately self-report their social media usage patterns.
  2. Academic performance (GPA) is an adequate measure of learning outcomes.
  3. The relationship between social media use and academic performance is similar across different disciplinary contexts.

Methodological Assumptions:

  1. The survey instrument used is valid and reliable for measuring social media usage in Nigerian contexts.
  2. Participants will provide honest responses about their social media habits.
  3. A 4-month academic semester adequately captures students’ normal patterns of engagement.

Operational Definitions ensure clarity and consistency:

Social Media Usage: The time spent and activities engaged in on social platforms (active posting, passive scrolling, communication, entertainment consumption) measured in hours per day and categorized by platform and activity type.

Academic Performance: Measured by cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) on a 4.0 scale, course completion rates, and self-reported academic satisfaction ratings on a Likert scale.

Undergraduate Student: A full-time student enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at participating institutions, in their second through fourth years of study.

Passive Usage: Social media engagement focused on consuming others’ content without active participation (scrolling feeds, watching videos, viewing stories).

Active Usage: Social media engagement involving creation or meaningful participation (posting content, commenting, messaging, collaborative projects).

These operational definitions are crucial because they ensure that when someone reads your research, they understand exactly what you mean by the terms you’re using. “Social media usage” could mean many different things – by defining it operationally, you eliminate ambiguity.

Common Mistakes Students Make in Chapter 1 (and How to Avoid Them)

After reviewing hundreds of research projects, we’ve identified the most common mistakes that weak Chapter 1 sections share. Being aware of these pitfalls can help you avoid them.

Mistake 1: Scope Creep

The Problem: You try to address everything related to your topic rather than narrowing down to a specific, manageable research question.

Weak Example: “This study examines all aspects of how technology affects student learning, including social media, email, learning management systems, online educational resources, and general computer use.”

Better Example: “This study examines how daily social media usage patterns specifically relate to academic performance in undergraduate students at Nigerian universities, with focus on the most-used platforms (Instagram, TikTok, Twitter/X).”

The key difference: the better example is narrower, more specific, and therefore more achievable within the constraints of a research project.

Mistake 2: Misaligned Components

The Problem: Your research objectives don’t actually address your problem statement. Your research questions don’t align with your objectives. Your methodology (in Chapter 3) won’t actually answer your research questions.

Example of Misalignment:

Problem Statement: “Undergraduate students’ social media use correlates with academic performance, but we don’t understand which specific usage patterns are problematic.”

Research Objective: “To understand students’ attitudes toward technology in general.”

These don’t align. If your problem is about specific usage patterns and academic performance, your objective should address that relationship, not general attitudes toward technology.

Mistake 3: Weak Opening

The Problem: Your introduction fails to capture attention or establish relevance.

Weak Opening: “This study is about social media and students.”

Strong Opening: “According to recent research, undergraduate students spend an average of 4-5 hours daily on social media platforms, yet many report struggling to balance this engagement with academic demands. Despite decades of research on technology and learning, we still lack context-specific understanding of how students in African universities manage digital engagement while maintaining academic focus.”

The strong opening provides specific information, establishes relevance (the tension between social media engagement and academics), and clearly identifies what we still need to understand.

Mistake 4: Insufficient Justification

The Problem: You don’t adequately explain why your research matters or who will benefit from it.

Weak Significance Section: “Understanding social media’s impact on academic performance is important.”

Strong Significance Section: “Understanding which social media usage patterns most negatively affect academic performance will enable universities to develop targeted interventions. For students, this research provides actionable insights into how to manage digital engagement without sacrificing academic success. For policy makers, this research provides evidence for digital literacy and wellbeing initiatives. For African higher education institutions specifically, this research addresses a gap in literature where most existing research reflects Western contexts and may not account for Africa’s unique digital access patterns, infrastructure challenges, and cultural approaches to technology.”

The strong version explains specifically who benefits (universities, students, policy makers, African institutions) and what they’ll be able to do with the findings.

Mistake 5: Vague Language

The Problem: You use imprecise language that doesn’t clearly convey your meaning.

Vague: “The effects of social media on students are significant.”

Specific: “Undergraduate students who spend more than 4 hours daily on social media report 0.5 points lower cumulative GPAs on average compared to those spending less than 2 hours daily, according to preliminary institution data.”

The specific version provides concrete information that actually helps readers understand what you’re claiming.

A Strategic Approach to Writing Chapter 1

Don’t write Chapter 1 in section order. Instead, follow this process:

  1. Start with your problem statement. This is the anchor. Everything else should flow from this core idea.
  2. Develop research questions that directly address this problem. If your question doesn’t relate to your problem, revise one or the other.
  3. Create objectives that align with your questions. Each objective should help answer at least one research question.
  4. Write your background section to show how your problem emerged and why it matters.
  5. Write your introduction to funnel readers from general context down to your specific focus.
  6. Develop your significance section to explain why anyone should care.
  7. Define your scope and limitations to show realistic boundaries.
  8. List your assumptions and define your key terms.
  9. Finally, review and revise to ensure all sections align.

The mistake most students make is starting at section 1 (introduction) and working sequentially through to section 9. This means you’re writing your introduction before you’ve fully clarified your problem, objectives, and questions – which makes alignment nearly impossible.

This is another area where working with PremiumResearchers can save you considerable time. Our experienced writers follow this strategic approach, ensuring that all nine components align perfectly and support each other. We can also provide detailed feedback on your draft Chapter 1, pointing out where components aren’t aligned and suggesting specific revisions to strengthen them.

Frequently Asked Questions About Chapter 1

How long should Chapter 1 be?

Chapter 1 typically ranges from 10-15 pages for a master’s thesis to 20-30 pages for a doctoral dissertation, depending on your institution’s requirements. The key is comprehensiveness, not length – you should thoroughly cover all nine components without unnecessary repetition or filler. A well-written 12-page Chapter 1 is better than a poorly-written 25-page version. Focus on quality and clarity over hitting a specific page count.

What if my research objectives don’t perfectly align with my research questions?

This is a common problem, and the solution is revision. Your research questions should emerge directly from your objectives. If you have a research objective like “To identify barriers to digital adoption among older adults,” your research questions should ask specific questions about those barriers. For example, “What are the primary barriers to digital adoption among adults over 65?” If your questions don’t connect to your objectives, something needs to be revised. This is why many students benefit from professional feedback during Chapter 1 development – we can identify misalignments immediately and help you fix them.

]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/feed/ 0 NIGERIA AND THE COMMON WEALTH (1960 – 1980) https://www.premiumresearchers.com/nigeria-and-the-common-wealth-1960-1980/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/nigeria-and-the-common-wealth-1960-1980/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=4116 [ad_1]
NIGERIA AND THE COMMON WEALTH (1960 – 1980)

 

Abstract

Nigeria has been the chief architect and chief negotiator of peace in Africa both before and after independence. As a result, in the 1950s and especially after its own independence in 1960, Nigeria became the main operator of the engine room of the African independence movement.

Not surprisingly, Nigeria’s external relations have generally been characterized by a focus on Africa and adherence to the fundamental principles and objectives of African unity and independence, peaceful resolution of disputes, non-alignment, and regional economic cooperation and development.

Thus, Nigeria’s foreign policy has been guided by these same principles and objectives since its independence in 1960, particularly the promotion of her national interests and the policy of afro-centricity in relation to her ability to exercise hegemonic influence in the region.

While the main thrust of Nigeria’s foreign policy remained constant and largely unchanged, various adjustments and modifications occurred from regime to regime, depending on the political leadership’s orientation.

This paper examines the evolution of Nigeria’s foreign policy since its independence in 1960 using content analysis. It also identifies the issues, strategies, and constraints involved, as well as the challenges and milestones of Nigeria’s international relations in general, from regime to regime, over the course of the country’s fifty-year independence.

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Study’s Context

To provide context for this study, we begin with Michael Kirby’s (2010) observation that the British Empire, forerunner to the Commonwealth of Nations, grew out of decisions, the majority of which were made in London. It is a city that never ceases to amaze visitors. Kirby (2010) was walking through Leicester Square yesterday when he noticed a landmark he had never noticed before.

A series of indicators pointing in the direction of Commonwealth countries are located in the center of that public space, circling a statue. The pointers fill every segment of the circle, indicating that members of this unique family of nations and their people can be found in every corner of our planet.

Kirby, a member of the last generation, grew up during the British Empire’s reign. Every 24 May was celebrated as Empire Day in his school days in Australia. In 1954, at a Sydney high school, he delivered a speech on the theme “The Empire and You.”

He did it with his “customary fire and vigour,” according to the school journal. The hymn “Recessional,” as usual, was sung to Kipling’s words proclaiming that the Empire had “dominion over palm and pine.” The day of the celebration, ironically, had been the birthday of the long-dead Queen Empress Victoria. He believed that Empire Day was not widely observed in the United Kingdom. Overall, the Empire never captivated Britain in the same way that Britain captivated its Empire.

Much has changed in the world and the Commonwealth in the six decades since that school assembly. My remarks address how the changes occurred, the activities that the Commonwealth excels at, the values that it proclaims that it shares, a new initiative that it has recently undertaken, and some of the issues that it must confront as it adjusts to a very different era of global relationships and challenges.

His conclusion was that the Commonwealth is a useful international association of independent nations with links to history, language, law, education, science, and civil communities, rather than an anachronism. Recent events, however, indicate a need for the

Commonwealth to be more active in upholding its members’ oft-stated commitment to the core values that define the essential reasons for its continued existence. These values include a commitment to democracy, human rights, tolerance, respect, and understanding, as well as governance principles largely inherited from the tradition that began here in London.

 

1.2 Problem Statement

Since its independence in 1960, Nigeria’s external relations have been characterized by a focus on Africa as a regional power and by adherence to several fundamental principles: African unity and independence; the ability to exercise hegemonic influence in the region; peaceful settlement of disputes; non-alignment and non-intentional interference in the internal affairs of other nations; and regional economic cooperation and development.

Nigeria participates in the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Commonwealth, and the United Nations in order to carry out these principles (Aluko, 1981; Akinyemi 1989).

Thus, since 1960, Nigeria’s foreign policy trends (development and formulation) have been guided by the same principles and objectives. While the main thrust of the country’s foreign policy, the promotion of its national interests and the policy of afro-centricity, remained constant, the strategy and emphasis for such protection by successive regimes varied.

While the substance of Nigeria’s foreign policy remained largely unchanged, there were various adjustments and modifications from regime to regime depending on the political leadership’s orientations. Furthermore, the current domestic (political, economic, and socio-cultural realities) and international environments have been major determinants of Nigeria’s foreign policy trends over time.

1.3 The study’s purpose

I. To assess Nigeria’s membership in the Commonwealth of Nations (foreign policy).

II. To investigate different eras of Nigerian foreign policy.

III. To investigate the goals of the Commonwealth of Nations

1.4 investigational question

I. What is the goal of common wealth of nations?

1.5 The significance of the study

It will contribute to the body of knowledge.

It will reveal various eras of Nigerian foreign policy.

It will allow academics and anyone else interested in the subject to gain a more in-depth understanding of the subject.

1.6 The Study’s Scope

This work examines the evolution (formulation and execution) of Nigeria’s foreign policy over the past eleven eras or regimes, namely the Balewa Era 1960 – 1966; the Ironsi Era – 1966; the Gowon Era 1966 – 1975; the Murtala/Obasanjo Era 1975 – 1979; the Shagari Era 1979 – 1983; the Buhari Era 1983 – 1985; the Babangida Era 1985 – 1993

 

NIGERIA AND THE COMMON WEALTH (1960 – 1980)

 

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/nigeria-and-the-common-wealth-1960-1980/feed/ 0 THE IMPACT OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH ON EDO STATE’S ECONOMY https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-impact-of-rapid-population-growth-on-edo-states-economy/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-impact-of-rapid-population-growth-on-edo-states-economy/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=35895 THE IMPACT OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH ON EDO STATE’S ECONOMY

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Many people believe that it is a law of nature that all population at all time and place tend to go on expanding until they react the limits of subsistence. In (1998) this theory was propounded by Rev. Thomas Robert Malthus in his principle growth according to Matheu in regard to the causes of population growth he argued that human being like plant and animals are forced to increase their population by the urge to reproduce. If there are no constraint on this propensity to reproduce human being will continue to increase their appreciation.

Population problems are both married and far reaching in their effect the efforts of economic growth will be mollified if population has an increase at an even more rapid rate more specifically. This chapter is an attempt to show that rapid growth in population has an adverse effect on Nigeria economy a case study of Esan Central Local Government.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The states of this problem are as follows:

1.   Rapid growth in population of a country put pressure in infrastructural facilities.

2.   Tasks the limited resources to meet the ever growing demand for goods and services. This culminate in high cost of living and standard of living in the ever growing population it put high pressure on medical facilities education, housing and social amenities that cannot move with the movement of population thereby causing societal problems.

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study is to

1.   Examine the population explosion in Nigeria.

2.   Assess the adverse effects on the Nigeria economy.

3.   Identify the possible solution to the growth of the Nigeria economy.

HYPOTHESIS

The researcher will attempt to test the following hypothesis for the purpose of the research

1.   The optimum population growth is the best types of population among citizens, them over under population.

2.   Rapid population growth is usually lead to fall in per capital income.

3.   Rapid population growth is normally caused by early marriage polygamy improvement in medical mechist facilities, improvement in standard of living etc.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study is to investigate into the effect of rapid population growth in the economy of Nigeria the possible solution to the problem and how the solution to the problem and how the solution will facilitate the growth of Nigeria economy.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is originally designed to discover all places within the Esan Central Local Government. But as a result of some past problems on population issues so that there will be a proper solution to rapid population growth in the Edo region the significance of is to investigate into the effect of rapid population growth in the economy of Nigeria the possible solution to the problem and how the solution will facilitate the growth of Nigeria economy.

 

 

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THE IMPACT OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH ON EDO STATE’S ECONOMY

]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-impact-of-rapid-population-growth-on-edo-states-economy/feed/ 0 OIL DEPENDENCY AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION https://www.premiumresearchers.com/oil-dependency-and-economic-diversification/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/oil-dependency-and-economic-diversification/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=53218 OIL DEPENDENCY AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION

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OIL DEPENDENCY AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

Background for the Study

Nigeria’s economic landscape underwent a transformation between 2015 and 2023 under President Muhammadu Buhari’s leadership. Nigeria’s troubles during this period were inextricably linked to its reliance on oil as its principal source of revenue (Aiyar, 2016; Cherif, 2021).

The country’s susceptibility to global oil price changes constituted a substantial threat to its economic stability, forcing a strategic move away from oil dependence.

Efforts were undertaken to diversify the economy by researching different sectors, which is an important step towards attaining long-term economic growth (Bughin et al., 2016; Felipe et al., 2021).

President Buhari’s administration understood the importance of lessening Nigeria’s reliance on oil earnings. According to Cherif and Hasanov (2019), the administration’s strategy relied heavily on focused policy implementation.

This entailed a concerted effort to implement changes aimed at reducing the country’s reliance on oil earnings and increasing economic diversification.

The policies and actions implemented during this time established the framework for a comprehensive approach to Nigeria’s economic difficulties (Cherif et al., 2016).

One of the important takeaways from India’s economic reform experience, as underlined by Aiyar (2016), was the importance of private-sector success in achieving economic diversification.

In keeping with this perspective, President Buhari’s administration recognised the importance of actively engaging the business sector. Arvind’s (2022) research on India’s performance in the 1980s and 1990s provides a paradigm for Nigeria’s diversification efforts.

The administration tried to foster private-sector growth, recognising that a strong private sector might play an important role in creating economic diversification.

Despite these efforts, the Nigerian government faced hurdles as it dealt with the intricacies of diversification. Bevan et al. (2019) conducted a study on the political economics of poverty, equity, and growth in Nigeria, which provides useful insights into the varied issues encountered throughout this revolutionary period.

To support diversification measures, the government faced resistance, bureaucratic obstacles, and the need for institutional improvement. These limitations underlined the inherent difficulty of shifting an economy away from a dominating revenue source, as well as the significance of resolving institutional flaws (Aiyar, 2016; Bevan et al., 2019).

The McKinsey Global Institute’s report on African economies (Bughin et al., 2016) provides insight into the broader context of economic diversification. Drawing on lessons from successful diversification efforts in other regions, the administration intended to duplicate such success in Nigeria.

The McKinsey research emphasised the importance of taking a strategic strategy that includes sector-specific policies adapted to Nigeria’s particular economic context. This strategy aims to maximise the potential of non-oil sectors, promoting a diverse and robust economy.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/oil-dependency-and-economic-diversification/feed/ 0 DEVELOPMENTAL IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX ON NIGERIA ECONOMY https://www.premiumresearchers.com/developmental-impact-of-indirect-tax-on-nigeria-economy/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/developmental-impact-of-indirect-tax-on-nigeria-economy/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=53285 DEVELOPMENTAL IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX ON NIGERIA ECONOMY

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DEVELOPMENTAL IMPACT OF INDIRECT TAX ON NIGERIA ECONOMY

Chapter two.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.

Economic Growth in Nigeria
Fiscal policy is one of the most essential tools for influencing economic indicators such as GDP, inflation, and unemployment. Credit flows and fiscal policy are found to play an important impact in setting trade balances.

The Nigerian government has gradually increased its control over the private sector by levying differential taxes and subsidies, increasing industrial prices relative to farm prices, favouring investment in key sectors

providing tariff and tax incentives to vital sectors, protecting favoured industrial establishments from foreign competition, awarding import licences to selected firms and industries, and providing foreign exchange to priority enterprises at below-market exchange rates.

According to Emmanuel (2010), the realisation came to Nigeria’s government at a critical time when its main source of revenue (oil) has been experiencing an unparalleled crisis and decrease due to a general drop in oil prices on the international market for decades.

This had an impact on the country’s overall revenue and the general performance of the government at many levels, particularly in terms of capital project execution, which is critical to national growth.

According to Muriithi and Moyi (2003), an effective tax system should be capable of generating money for the government, redistributing income, and providing investment infrastructure that will ensure corporate success and economic progress.

The government’s enabling environment fosters the development of new businesses, while the survival of existing businesses and the infrastructures provided is a crucial factor of political, economic, and social A well-structured tax system provides the government with the funds it requires for capital (infrastructure) and recurring (administrative) expenditures

which contribute significantly to economic growth and development. Thus, taxation can be viewed as a fiscal policy, macroeconomic, and internal revenue mobilisation tool for achieving economic growth.

Ogbonna and Ebimobowei (2012) use descriptive statistics and econometric analysis to investigate the impact of tax reforms on Nigerian economic growth. They discovered that certain tax reforms have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth, and that tax reforms promote economic growth.

This means that tax reforms strengthen the government’s revenue-generating apparatus, allowing it to undertake socially acceptable expenditures that will result in economic development in terms of real output and per capita.

Anichebe (2013) conducted a study on the impact of taxes on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2010. He discovered that there is a considerable association between tax composition and economic growth.

Umoru and Anyiwe (2013) investigate the impact of tax structure on economic growth in Nigeria. They used empirical estimate approaches such as cointegration and error correction, as well as a disaggregation strategy.

They discovered that direct taxes is significantly and positively connected with economic growth, whereas indirect taxation had a negligible negative impact on growth.

2.2 Taxation in Nigeria.

Taxation in Nigeria is imposed by three layers of government: federal, state, and municipal, with each having a clearly defined area in the Taxes and Levies (authorised list for collection) Decree of 1998.

However, Nigeria has a largely centralised revenue collection system, with the federal government collecting the majority of revenue (petroleum revenue – profit taxes, royalties, crude oil sales; company income tax, value added tax, customs and excise duties) on behalf of the constituent governments (Emmanuel, 2010).

Anyanwu (1997) defines a tax as a mandatory levy imposed by the government on persons, businesses, goods, and services in order to generate revenue for its operations and achieve social fairness through the redistribution of income effect of taxes.

According to this viewpoint, taxation is a source of government revenue in which individuals and corporations are forced to pay a portion of their revenues to the government for development purposes.

Furthermore, Bhatia (2003) defined tax as a mandatory levy paid by an economic unit to the government without any matching entitlement to obtain a specific and direct benefit from the government.

Note that the term “direct” does not refer to a price paid by the taxpayer for a specific service done or a commodity supplied by the government. Rather, it means that the government’s benefits to taxpayers are unrelated to or depending on the taxes they pay.

This means that tax is a broad exaction that can be imposed on individuals, groups, or legal entities based on one or more factors.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/developmental-impact-of-indirect-tax-on-nigeria-economy/feed/ 0 EFFECT OF CRYPTOCURRENCY BAN POLICY ON UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN NIGERIA https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-cryptocurrency-ban-policy-on-unemployment-rate-in-nigeria/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-cryptocurrency-ban-policy-on-unemployment-rate-in-nigeria/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=53350 EFFECT OF CRYPTOCURRENCY BAN POLICY ON UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN NIGERIA

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EFFECT OF CRYPTOCURRENCY BAN POLICY ON UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN NIGERIA

Chapter One: Introduction

Background of the Study
The global financial system is undoubtedly embracing the present transformation from physical to practically virtual currencies via technology. This tsunami has brought about the emergence of cryptocurrency.

In light of this outbreak, there has been a lot of positive and negative discussion on the importance of cryptocurrency to the Nigerian fiscal system. Investors have poured money into crypto currencies, the most common of which is Bitcoin, in the hopes of recouping their investments in the near future.

To date, little economic research has shed light on the economic significance of cryptocurrencies. The majority of current cryptocurrency models are developed by computer scientists who are primarily concerned with the system’s feasibility and security.

Such concerns, however, are critical for determining the best layout and, consequently, the financial value of cryptocurrencies as a payment method.

Nakamoto (2008) defines bitcoin as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. The cryptocurrency peer-to-peer system is built on blockchain, allowing transactions to occur directly between users without the need for an intermediary (Hameed & Farooq 2016; Grech & Camilleri 2017).

It enables for anonymous transactions between parties, so neither party knows the other’s true identity (Dierksmeier and Seele, 2016). This may be important since the full details of each participant’s transaction on the bitcoin blockchain are publicly available to other users (Bech & Garratt, 2017).

Unlike traditional currency, which is issued at a predetermined frequency by each country’s Central Bank, cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are mined using a fixed issuance mechanism, with the quantity of Bitcoins to be mined halving every year.

Although the use of cryptocurrencies as a basic money account is intended to give everyone the right to a verifiable digital identity (Johnston, 2002), there is much debate over its future.

Despite the hazards involved with this currency, its growth rate is both benevolent and demanding. Governments are caught off guard by its rapid expansion.

However, the overwhelming benefits of cryptocurrencies have allowed them to act as a source for satisfying the daily financial demands of millions of people who do not have a stable job and have experienced unemployment.

Unemployment is one of the developmental challenges confronting all developing economies around the world (Patterson et al, 2006), and Nigeria is no different. Unemployment or joblessness happens when persons are out of work and have actively sought work in the previous five weeks (International Labour Organisation, 1982; Fajana, 2000).

Though unemployment affects people of all ages, its impact has been disproportionately felt by young people. Unemployment is a global issue, but it is particularly severe in developing countries, with significant social, economic, political, and psychological ramifications.

It adds to poor GDP, increases crime and violence, has a negative impact on health, and creates political instability (Njoku & Ihugba, 2011). Unemployment is not a new issue in Nigeria; the national unemployment rate went from 4.3 percent in 1970 to 6.4 percent in 1980 and has subsequently risen.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-cryptocurrency-ban-policy-on-unemployment-rate-in-nigeria/feed/ 0 FOREIGN INDIRECT INVESTMENT AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STOCK MARKET https://www.premiumresearchers.com/foreign-indirect-investment-and-the-performance-of-the-stock-market/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/foreign-indirect-investment-and-the-performance-of-the-stock-market/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=53421 FOREIGN INDIRECT INVESTMENT AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STOCK MARKET

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FOREIGN INDIRECT INVESTMENT AND THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STOCK MARKET

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), defined as an investment made to acquire a long-term interest in firms operating outside of the investor’s economy, has long piqued the interest of international development experts.

In an era of turbulent global capital flows, FDI’s stability and emergence as a key source of foreign capital for developing economies has reignited interest in its links to long-term economic growth.

FDI inflows helped to enhance the balance of payments in some African countries. Foreign reserves in the area as a whole increased by 30% in 2006, and even more in some big oil-exporting countries like Nigeria and Libya (World Investment Report, 2007).

Indeed, for developing nations as a whole, net inflows of FDI surged about fivefold, from an average of 0.44% of GNP in 1970-74 to 2.18% of GNP in 1993-97 (World Bank 1999).

FDI is currently a large component of domestic investment activity in developing nations, accounting for more than 8% of Gross Domestic Investment (GDI) in the mid-1990s, compared to 2% in the early 1970s.

Finally, FDI is now the dominant source of capital flows into developing countries, accounting for around 36% of overall capital flows in the mid-1990s, up from 18% in the 1970-74 period (World Bank, 1999).

In the 1980s, average annual inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) into Africa more than doubled those of the 1970s. It also increased dramatically in the 1990s and from 2000 to 2018.

However, comparisons with global and regional flows may be more instructive. Africa’s proportion of global FDI was at 6% in the mid-1970s, but it has since declined to 2-3%. Africa received around 28% of FDI among developing nations in 1976; it today receives less than 9% (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2005).

Furthermore, in compared to all other emerging regions, Africa has remained aid-dependent, with FDI behind Official Development Assistance (ODA).

From 1970 to 2018, FDI contributed for only one-fifth of all capital flows to Africa. It is well acknowledged that FDI is one of the most active international resource flows to

Developing countries. FDI is especially essential since it consists of both tangible and intangible assets, and the enterprises that deploy them are major players in the global economy.

There is strong evidence that FDI can boost growth and development by supplementing domestic investment and promoting trade and knowledge and technology transfer (Holger and Greenaway, 2004).

The New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) recognises the importance of FDI as a critical resource for bringing NEPAD’s vision of growth and development to fruition.

This is because Africa, like many other developing countries around the world, requires a significant inflow of external resources to close savings and foreign exchange gaps and leapfrog itself to sustainable growth levels in order to eliminate its current pervasive poverty (Ajayi, 1999, 2000, 2003).

The research on the FDI-growth relationship is extensive, including both developed and developing nations. The majority of empirical research relies on neoclassical and endogenous growth models.

It is frequently said that FDI is an important source of capital, that it supplements domestic investment, generates new job possibilities, and, in most circumstances, is linked to improved knowledge transfer, which, of course, increases economic growth.

While the positive FDI-growth relationship is not universally acknowledged, macroeconomic research do show a favourable effect for FDI, particularly in certain conditions. Existing literature suggests three major avenues through which FDI can drive economic growth.

The first is the freedom it provides from the binding limitation on domestic savings. In this situation, foreign direct investment boosts domestic savings during the capital accumulation process. Second, foreign direct investment (FDI) is the primary means of technology transfer.

Technology transfer and spillover boost factor productivity and resource utilisation efficiency, resulting in growth. Third, FDI boosts exports by increasing domestic manufacturing capacity and competitiveness.

Empirical examination of the positive link is frequently said to depend on another element known as “absorptive capacity,” which includes the level of human capital development, the type of trade regimes, and the degree of openness (Borensztein et al., 1995, 1998).

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/foreign-indirect-investment-and-the-performance-of-the-stock-market/feed/ 0 EFFECT OF CORONA VIRUS ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-corona-virus-on-the-nigerian-economy/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-corona-virus-on-the-nigerian-economy/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=53483 EFFECT OF CORONA VIRUS ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

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EFFECT OF CORONA VIRUS ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY

Chapter One: Introduction

Background of the study

The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, removing any debate regarding the virus’s threat to any country in the world.

The virus has been found in 152 countries, infecting over 180,000 people and killing over 7,000. Though Africa remains one of the regions with the fewest cases, the number of countries affected has climbed in the last week. As of this writing, almost 450 cases had been documented in 30 countries, primarily in northern and southern Africa, with 10 deaths.

Because many African countries have underdeveloped health-care systems, aggressive actions to prevent the virus from spreading would be essential.

Countries should increase public education campaigns on best practices, such as promoting good hygiene and social distancing, avoiding big public gatherings, and urging businesses to protect the jobs of employees who require quarantine or medical care. Campaigns should enlist the assistance of religious and civil society leaders to maximise impact.

“It is unavoidable that the novel coronavirus epidemic will have a significant impact on the economy and society,” said Chinese President Xi Jinping in a televised address on February 23, 2020.

“The spread of the new coronavirus is a public health crisis that could pose a serious risk to the macro economy through the halt in production activities, interruptions of people’s movement and cut-off of supply chains” – Taro Aso, the finance minister of Japan.

The G20 will meet in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on February 24, 2020. “Honda Motor Co. will reduce vehicle output at two of its domestic plants in Saitama Prefecture for a week or so in March due to concerns about parts supply from China where a new coronavirus outbreak continues to disrupt economic activities” – a Honda spokesperson, March 3, 2020.

Aside from its alarming consequences on human life, the novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) has the potential to drastically slow not only the Chinese but also the global economy. China has become the primary industrial hub for many worldwide commercial operations.

Any disruption in China’s output is expected to have implications across regional and global value networks. Indeed, the most recent numbers from China show a significant fall in output.

The China Manufacturing Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI), a key production indicator, decreased by approximately 22 points in February. This index is significantly associated with exports, and such a fall suggests an annualised reduction in exports of around 2%.

In other words, the February dip is comparable to a 2% reduction in intermediate products supply over the course of the year. Shipping indicators also point to a decline in Chinese exports in February.

Container vessel departures from Shanghai were much lower in the first half of February, but increased in the second half. However, the Shanghai Containerised Freight Index continues to fall, indicating surplus shipping capacity and reduced demand for container vessels.

The situation is similar in Nigeria, where the Corona virus illness (COVID-19) outbreak has halted all activities. The overall number of coronavirus patients in Nigeria has increased to 12, with four new cases confirmed in Lagos State on Thursday.

Akin Abayomi, the Lagos State health commissioner, announced the additional cases in Ikeja during a press conference. Abayomi revealed that 14 people were screened, but only four tested positive for the coronavirus, and that one of the new index cases was in contact with the third confirmed case in Nigeria.

The commissioner stated that one of the patients, a Nigerian girl, arrived in Lagos on Saturday, March 14, 2020, on Turkish Airlines TK1830. According to Abayomi, one of the latest four cases is a Nigerian guy in his fifties who has never gone.

He stated that the last patient is a Nigerian male who arrived in the country aboard a Lufthansa (airline) LH568 on Friday, March 13, 2020. Abayomi stated that the patients had been segregated for treatment at the Infectious Disease Hospital in Yaba, Lagos.

The commissioner, however, stated that more tests are being conducted because there is a “combination of imported cases and local transmission.” The Lagos State Executive is gathering to discuss the next step of social distancing measures. ”

The best way to slow the rate is to halt the movement of the virus from person to person,” Abayomi stated. “Currently, we are following over 1,300 people right now to find information about the state of their health and the number is increasing.” He urged passengers on both aircraft to isolate themselves and notify the government.

Statement of the Problem

The epidemic of coronavirus illness (COVID-19) in Nigeria has raised tensions and worry among the country’s inhabitants. The virus, unlike other occurrences in this country, is highly contagious and causes severe symptoms.

The epidemic of coronavirus illness (COVID-19) may have an impact on the Nigerian economy through decreased imports and exports, bad tourism remittances, and commodities price increases in Nigeria.

Finally, while there have been research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19), not a single study has focused on the influence of coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Nigerian economy, indicating the need for the study.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary goal of the research is to determine the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Nigerian economy. The study’s particular aims are:

The objectives are to analyse the correlation between COVID-19 and the Nigerian economy, as well as to identify the underlying causes.
To determine the mode of transmission of the coronavirus illness (COVID-19)

The study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on import and export rates in Nigeria, the education sector, and the health and well-being of Nigerians. It will also recommend preventive measures for the Nigerian government to combat the disease.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The study developed research questions to determine the study’s above-stated aims. The study’s objectives are guided by the following research questions:

What is the relationship between coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and Nigeria’s economy?

What is the cause of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?

What is the method of transmission for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?

What effect does coronavirus illness (COVID-19) have on import and export rates in Nigeria?

What effect does the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have on Nigeria’s education sector?

What effect does coronavirus illness (COVID-19) have on the health and well-being of Nigerian citizens?

 

What preventive steps will the Nigerian government take in the fight against coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-corona-virus-on-the-nigerian-economy/feed/ 0 EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON YOUTHS IN NIGERIA SOCIETY . https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-unemployment-on-youths-in-nigeria-society/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-unemployment-on-youths-in-nigeria-society/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=53550 EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON YOUTHS IN NIGERIA SOCIETY .

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EFFECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON YOUTHS IN NIGERIA SOCIETY .

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The impact of unemployment on youngsters cannot be overstated. According to (2009), “Nigeria as a country is often described as a rich country with a majority of poor citizens, with half of the citizens living below the poverty line.”

Unemployment has been a problem in Nigeria, especially since the 1980s, when the nation’s economy took a turn for the worse as a world petroleum price tumbled, the Nigeria currency became devalued, corruption became rampant, and the population of Nigeria ballooned at a breathtaking rate.

The resultant poverty has posed questions about the wisdom of conventional strategies for nation development. Both the government and the private sector have discussed this issues at forums and conferences. Its ongoing existence was attributed to Nigeria’s lack of power supply and financial empowerment.

According to Aganga (2010), unemployment in Nigeria has resulted in a variety of crimes and social vices such as prostitution, internet scams, political violence, kidnapping, militancy (in the Niger Delta), drug trafficking, armed robbery, and so on. The persistence of these vices has been linked to Nigeria’s job scarcity.

According to Aganga (2010), prostitution soared in the mid-1990s, with female Nigerian youth being transported to Italy. Internet scanning has also increased in recent years, as has political violence, kidnapping, and other vices.

However, concerns have been raised about the socioeconomic situation of young people and the prospects for creating additional livelihood opportunities for them.

This is because youths make up a significant portion of the labour force and have innovative ideals, which, among other things, are important in the country’s development process.

According to Gullins et al. (2008), unemployment is a circumstance in which a person who is able and willing to work ordinarily relies on his earnings to provide for himself and his family but is unable to find work.

According to Karl Pribram (2008), unemployment is a labour market condition in which the supply of labour power exceeds the number of vacant positions.

Ebere Nwero (2010) posited that most people blame the government for unemployment, failing to see that in its quest to alleviate the problem of unemployment in the country, the federal government initiated a variety of programmes to create jobs for youths and other unemployed people, though the Nigeria government has tried a number of different measures to get as many youths as possible in to work through the N.Y.S.C.

orientation programme that runs for the duration of “Ebere” goes on to claim that the problem of unemployment can be solved if young people abandon their outdated and incorrect beliefs.

Dependence belief? That once you graduate or leave school, the government will provide you with a job. People who believe this are frustrated and disappointed and should abandon such thoughts.

This study was designed to address the growing social and economic issues linked with youth unemployment in Odeda metropolitan.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The consequences of unemployment in Nigeria have resulted in a variety of crimes and social vices, including prostitution, online scams, political violence, abduction, and armed robbery, among others; nevertheless, the persistence of these vices has been related to Nigeria’s job shortage. As a result, unemployment has been a source of frustration for Odeda Local Government’s young.

Against this context, the research aims to critically investigate the impact of unemployment on youths in the Nigerian society of Odeda Local Government Abeokuta, Ogun State.

1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY

The study aims to

(a) Investigate the sources of unemployment in the country and devise appropriate solutions to the problem.

(a) Determine the source or cause of unemployment.

(c) Identify the agents who contribute to the eradication of unemployment in the country.

(d) To understand the role of scholars in the eradication of unemployment.

(e) To understand the elements that contribute to unemployment in society.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.

Some concerns can be summarised by the following research question, which has been converted into the study work’s purpose.

(1) What types of unemployment influence youths?

(2) What is the rate of unemployment in the research area?

(3) What are the elements contributing to unemployment?

(4) How does unemployment influence the young of society?

(5) How does unemployment affect youth in the study area?

1.5 Scope of the Study

The purpose of this research is to look into the impact of unemployment on young people in Nigeria’s Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The study’s major value is from its potential to address research questions about the impact of unemployment on young in Nigerian society. The outcomes of this research will help unemployed youth in Odeda Local Government understand why unemployment should be eliminated in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State.

The study will provide materials on young unemployment in Nigeria, as well as other information required for Nigeria’s socioeconomic development.

The findings of this study may be beneficial to other academics in the future who may wish to further investigate on this similar

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/effect-of-unemployment-on-youths-in-nigeria-society/feed/ 0 ROLE OF INFORMAL SECTOR IN EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NIGERIA. https://www.premiumresearchers.com/role-of-informal-sector-in-employment-generation-in-nigeria/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/role-of-informal-sector-in-employment-generation-in-nigeria/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=53619 ROLE OF INFORMAL SECTOR IN EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NIGERIA.

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ROLE OF INFORMAL SECTOR IN EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NIGERIA.

Background of the study

Over the years, experts have debated whether the informal sector should be viewed as a marginalised sector that absorbs excess or entrenched workers, or as a thriving, entrepreneurial component of the Nigerian economy that may encourage economic growth and job creation.

It should be mentioned that around two-thirds of all employees worldwide labour in the informal sector (World Bank, 2009; cited in Atal et al 2013: 34).

The informal sector accounts for a considerable portion of the Nigerian economy. As a result, the sector adds to Nigeria’s GDP and employment, as well as to the country’s overall economic development (Omisakin, 1999, cited in Atah et al. 2013: 32).

According to available statistics in Nigeria, the informal sector accounts for around 60% of the country’s GDP. Like many other developing countries, the industry is regarded as critical to job growth, accounting for approximately 90% of all occupations in the country.

In South Africa, the industry employs 60% of the workforce and accounts for approximately 28% of the country’s GDP (Federal Office of Statistics 2012).

The preceding suggests that, with the necessary legislation and assistance, the informal sector may be a major player in combating unemployment in Nigeria and other developing nations.

According to Onyemaechi (2013:62), the informal sector comprises of units engaged in the production of products and services with the primary goal of providing employment and income to the participants.

Statement of the Problem

The steady rise in Nigeria’s unemployment rate has sparked widespread concern. This has resulted in an army of angry and desperate unemployed adolescents stalking cities, as well as an ongoing inflow of young into metropolitan areas, posing a new threat to an already unstable condition of national security (Hernando 2013; cited in Atal et al 2013: 34).

The government at various levels has implemented numerous policies and programmes aimed at minimising this.

menace, but to no avail. However, the informal sector’s contribution to economic development through job creation can help to reduce unemployment.

The informal sector in developing nations appears to have been continuously rising in recent years, as most individuals have decided to build their own source of income in order to survive (Onyemaechi 2013:66).

Given the ongoing economic and financial crises that affects many African countries, including Nigeria, the informal sector has the ability to offer the necessary push for job creation.

According to Fapohunda (2012: 39), the informal sector contributes significantly to the growth and development of the Nigerian economy.

It provides productive outlets for a significant number of persons who desire or must be self-employed, thereby contributing to the national economy in terms of output and employment.

Against this backdrop, this study seeks to investigate the function of employment generation in Nigeria. Despite the fact that the topic is well documented, attempts have not been taken to investigate the sector’s dynamism in creating jobs in Nigeria, therefore this study aims to fill that gap.

GOALS OF THE STUDY

The primary goal of this research is to investigate the influence of the informal sector in employment generation in Nigeria. To attain this goal, the precise objectives are as follows:

1.) Understanding the informal sector and its activities in Nigeria.

2.) Investigate the relationship between the initial sector and enjoyment generation in Nigeria.

3.) Investigate the role of the informal sector in creating jobs in Nigeria.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:

1.) What activities take place in Nigeria’s informal sector?

2.) How much employment has the informal sector generated in Nigeria?

Significance of the Study

This study is significant due of its timely nature. It will clarify the roles of the informal sector in Nigeria, prompting the government to consider using the informal sector as a tool to address the country’s unemployment crisis. The studies, programmes, and recommendations will benefit both the government and other unemployed adolescents.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

This study investigates the informal sector in Nigeria, including its operations, to better understand the role it has played in job creation in Nigeria.

Limitations of the Study

The main challenge in this project is acquiring materials.

Definition of Terms

1.) Informal Sector: This is the uncontrolled, non-formal sector of the market economy that produces goods and services for sale or other types of recompense. It also refers to the sector that consists of units engaged in the production of products and services with the primary purpose of providing employment and incomes for the people involved (Becker 2004, cited in Onyemaechi 2012: 61).

2.) Employment generation: this is the process of engaging the entire work force in productive economic activity (Yusuf 2014: 4).

3.) Unemployment: This is a state of being unemployed or without work. In other words, anyone who is fit and available for job but fails to acquire one may be termed unemployed for the relevant period (Olubukola, 2013).

References

1.) Attah, A., Audu, A., and Haruna, P. (2012), “Strategy for Reducing Unemployment in Nigeria: The Role of Informal Sector” International Journal of Capacity Building in Education and Management (IJCBEM) 2(1): 32-43.

2.) Fapounda, T. (2013). “Women and the Informal Sector in Nigeria: Implications for Development.” British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 4(1), 35–45.

3.) Onyemaechi, J. (2013). “Role of the Informal Sector in the Development of the Nigerian Economy: Output and Employment Approach.” Journal of Economics and Development Studies, 1(1), 60-74.

4.) Yusuf, S. (2014), “Informal Sector and Employment Generation in Nigeria”, MPRA, Lagos.

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