CULTISM’S EFFECT ON STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER ONE
THE STUDY’S BACKGROUND
According to the Oxford Dictionary of Current English, a “cult” is a system of religious worship, particularly one that is manifested through rituals. According to this definition, cults, also known as “confraternities,” have taken on a monstrous form in our various educational institutions. This is due to the fact that international figures have been known to be members of the pirate fraternity in their college or institution.
Furthermore, Kolawole et al (2000) stated that when the eye confraternity and the buccaneers collided at the University of Ibadan in 1989, some prominent professors and doctors at the institution were discovered to be patrons and bankers of these cults. The implication is that these professors and doctors were once members of these cults when they were in college.
It is now common on our campuses for naval cults violence factors to clash in broad day knight and mats themselves with dangerous weapons such as guns and daggers. The recent occurrences are the universities of Ife, Benin, Ekpoma, Ibadan, and Ekiadolor against social ills, calling for their abolition. Secret societies can be traced back to the Egyptians.
In their quest for greater power, the magicians employed some cultic devices and established a school of instruction that was primarily based on intellectual goals, primarily to improve their cultic prowess. Initiations are held for people who want to be a part of a specific set of masquerades, and its members strictly adhere to its rules. Once initiated, the masquerade’s secrets are closely guarded by its participants.
Higher education in Nigeria was not associated with secret societies in the late 1940s. In 1952, a group of seven (7) students led by Wole Soyinka Olumuyiwa, Awe, Raph, Opora, Dir Aif-Imokhunede, Junji Tubi, and Oly Agunoloye formed the sea dogs confraternity (AKA Pirates) at the University of Ibadan. When it was first introduced, there was nothing hidden.
The main reason for forming the cult was to fight colonialism, ensure human dignity, and rid Nigeria of elitism and tribalism. Its members participate in humanitarian activities such as blood donations to hospitals to save lives and assist the helpless in society, as well as an attempt to combat any attempted oppression of students by lecturers or school administration attempting to impose oppressive policies on the students, “everything we did then was healthy, firm, harmless, and above board.”
Muyiwa Awe, one of their founding fathers, recalled that their confraternity was legitimate and officially recognized by the school authority and the government of the time. Cultism is simply a type of gang behavior that goes against the accepted norms and values of society and its characters through oath taking, secrecy, and violence. Hornsby (2001) defines it as a system of religious worship, a devotion to a person or practice, and ritual, particularly of a single diet.
However, the similarities end there because there is a distinction between the two. For example, “secrete society” is defined in section 31 percent of the federal republic of Nigeria 1999 constitution as any secrete association group or body of persons (whether registered or not).
a. That employs secrete signs, oaths, rites, or symbols and is formed for the purpose or part of the purpose of fostering the interests of its members and assisting one another under any circumstances without regard to merit, fair play, or justice to the detriment of the legitimate interests of those who are not members.
b. The members are shown to take secrecy oaths or to conduct activities that are not known to the general public, the names of whose members are kept secret, and whose meetings and other activities are held in secret. Despite the fact that there is no definition in the constitution.
The definition given to it in the secrete cult and similar activities (prohibition) law 2004, which was recently passed in the River State House of Assembly in 18 is instructive because it clearly shows the popularity of the phrase in Nigeria’s non-academic everyday usage. The law defined a secrete cult as “any organization, association, group of bodies, or person (whether or not listed) whose membership meeting and other activities are kept secrete and which promote causes or engage in acts of violence or harm.”
The essential difference between the two notions can be seen in the dominant element of violence in the definition of secrete cult, which element is not necessarily present in the definition of secrete society.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
The fundamental issues with cultism are the uncertain and unsafe environment on our campuses. Ewa to the activities of secrete cult members, the manner of operation is both sinister inn our campuses in recent times of cultism whose phenomenon seen to be going more and prominence on our campuses. This researcher intends to conduct an in-depth investigation into the factors that foster the growth and spread of cultism in our institution of learning in order to propose solutions to the problems.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The goal of this research is to look into the effects of cultism on students’ emotions. A case study of the College of Education in Ekiadolor-Benin in order to educate the public about the scope of the problems. It will also investigate the factors that contribute to the spread of cultism in our institutions of higher learning.
Furthermore, it will be beneficial to understand the school’s sanctions imposed on students as an outward contribution to the growth of cultism in our institution of higher learning. Finally, it will investigate how cultism affects students’ intellectual abilities.
THE STUDY’S IMPORTANCE
This research will provide explanations. The factors that influence cultism and school, as well as the effect on student emotion, are the factors that create the hearty and policy implementers. When this is known, they will be able to confront and help eradicate the problems that have become a cankerworm in our institutions of higher learning.
It is critical to emphasize that this project work will also highlight some of the causes of cultism, factors that promote the growth of cultism, and provide conclusive solutions on how cultism problems can be solved in our higher institutions of learning.
QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH
1. Does a lack of parental involvement foster the growth of cultism in today’s schools?
2. Does cultism have an impact on students’ emotions?
3. Does school sanction contribute to the growth of cultism in schools?
4. Does cultism have an impact on students’ intellectual abilities in school?
STUDY OBJECTIVES
This research will cover the entire curriculum of the College of Education Ekiadolor students in Benin City.
DESCRIPTION OF TERMS
Cult: A system of religious worship, particularly one expressed through rituals.
Cultism is the state/phenomenon in which a group of people are united by a common belief.
Masquerade: An action or appearance that appears genuine or sincere but is not.
Initiation: the act or process of initiating someone into a group or activity.
Assassination: the murder of a prominent person, usually for political reasons.
The act of seeking or a long search to find.
Callousness is the lack of concern for other people’s feelings or suffering.
Catastrophe: A sudden disaster that causes widespread suffering.
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CULTISM’S EFFECT ON STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE