MASS COMMUNICATION – Premium Researchers https://www.premiumresearchers.com Thu, 19 Feb 2026 17:02:03 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.5 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cropped-PR-Logo-Icon1-32x32.png MASS COMMUNICATION – Premium Researchers https://www.premiumresearchers.com 32 32 WRITING CHAPTER 1 OF YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/#respond Thu, 19 Feb 2026 17:02:03 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=39277 Writing Chapter 1 of Your Research Project: A Complete Guide to Building Your Research Foundation

Reading Time: 8-10 minutes

Key Takeaways

  • Chapter 1 is the critical foundation of your entire research project, introducing your topic, problem, and research direction
  • It must contain nine essential components: introduction, background, problem statement, objectives, research questions, significance, scope and limitations, assumptions, and operational definitions
  • These components must work together coherently, with each section building on the previous one
  • Writing Chapter 1 requires strategic planning, clear writing, and ensuring all elements align with each other
  • Professional guidance from experienced researchers can dramatically improve your Chapter 1 quality and save you weeks of revision

Understanding Chapter 1 in Research

If you’re struggling to write Chapter 1 of your research project, you’re not alone. This is where most students and researchers get stuck because Chapter 1 sets the tone for everything that follows. The problem is that many students approach it as just another chapter to complete, not realizing that Chapter 1 determines whether your reader (and your evaluator) understands why your research matters.

Chapter 1 is fundamentally different from every other chapter in your research project. While Chapter 2 reviews existing literature, Chapter 3 explains your methods, and Chapter 4 presents your findings, Chapter 1 must accomplish something far more complex: it must hook your reader, establish the context for your study, identify a genuine problem worth investigating, and lay out exactly what you plan to do about it. As research methodologist John W. Creswell noted, “The introduction is the most important part of your research paper because it provides the context and purpose for the entire study.”

Here’s where many students struggle: They write Chapter 1 without understanding how each section connects to the others. They jump from background to objectives without clearly showing why those objectives matter. They define their problem without clearly stating who is affected or what happens if the problem goes unaddressed. The result is a disjointed, confusing introduction that leaves readers wondering about the purpose of the research.

This is exactly where PremiumResearchers can help you. Our team of experienced academic writers specializes in crafting compelling Chapter 1 sections that establish clear research direction and pass rigorous academic standards. We understand the specific requirements of Nigerian universities (UNILAG, OAU, University of Ibadan, and others) and international academic standards. Rather than struggle through multiple revisions, many students choose to work with us to get it right from the start. We can provide you with personalized Chapter 1 samples for your specific research topic, showing you exactly how to structure each component and how they connect together.

The Nine Essential Components of Chapter 1

Every well-constructed Chapter 1 contains nine specific components, each serving a distinct function in your research narrative. Think of these as the building blocks that, when properly arranged, create a compelling case for why your research needs to be done.

Here are the nine components in logical order:

  1. Introduction
  2. Background of the Study
  3. Statement of the Problem
  4. Research Objectives
  5. Research Questions and/or Hypotheses
  6. Significance of the Study
  7. Scope and Limitations
  8. Basic Assumptions
  9. Operational Definition of Terms

The key to effective Chapter 1 writing is understanding that these components aren’t isolated sections that stand alone. Instead, they form an interconnected system where each component builds on and supports the others. Your background sets up your problem statement. Your problem statement justifies your research objectives. Your objectives generate your research questions. Your research questions require specific methods (which you’ll detail in Chapter 3). Your significance section explains why anyone should care about answering those questions.

Most students who struggle with Chapter 1 are writing these components in isolation, then wondering why they don’t fit together. This is a structural problem that requires strategic thinking before you start writing.

Crafting a Compelling Introduction

Your introduction section is your first and best opportunity to capture your reader’s attention. Think of it as the gateway to your entire research project. If it fails to engage the reader or fails to establish clear direction, everything that follows will struggle to resonate.

An effective introduction uses what’s called the “funnel approach” – you begin with a broad, general statement about your field or topic, then gradually narrow your focus until you arrive at your specific research focus. This approach accomplishes several things simultaneously: it provides necessary context, it shows how your research fits into the larger academic conversation, and it demonstrates that you understand the significance of your topic.

Here’s a strong example:

The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed how people communicate, learn, and work. Social media platforms have become integral to daily life, with over 5.3 billion users globally as of 2024. Among these users, university students represent one of the most active demographics, spending 3-5 hours daily on social platforms. While these platforms offer unprecedented opportunities for knowledge sharing and collaboration, their relationship with academic performance remains poorly understood in the Nigerian higher education context. Previous research conducted in Western settings may not fully apply to Nigerian students, who face different digital access patterns, learning environments, and cultural factors. This gap in context-specific research represents a significant opportunity to advance our understanding of how digital engagement affects student learning outcomes.

Notice how this introduction moves from a general observation (digital transformation), to a specific statistic (5.3 billion users), to a specific population (university students), to an acknowledged gap (lack of Nigerian context), to why that gap matters (different contexts require different understanding). This is the funnel structure working effectively.

Key elements of a strong introduction:

  • Opens with a compelling statement that captures attention
  • Provides necessary background information without overwhelming the reader
  • Uses specific statistics or recent developments to establish relevance
  • Identifies where your study fits into the larger research conversation
  • Transitions smoothly into the specific focus of your research
  • Signals what the reader can expect in the sections that follow

Writing Your Background Section

The background section is where you tell the story of your research problem. It’s not a literature review (that comes in Chapter 2), but rather a narrative that explains how your research question emerged and why it matters now.

A strong background section typically covers four key areas:

  • Historical development: How has this issue evolved over time? What triggered interest in this area?
  • Current state of knowledge: What do we currently understand about this topic?
  • Gaps in existing research: What specifically do we NOT know?
  • Contextual factors: What factors specific to your context (Nigeria, your institution, your field) make this research timely and relevant?

Here’s a strong example from a study on remote learning:

Distance education has a long history extending back to 19th-century correspondence courses, but technological advancement accelerated its adoption significantly. The emergence of Learning Management Systems (LMS) and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the early 2000s demonstrated online learning’s scalability. However, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 created an unprecedented shift to remote learning that forced institutions to transition overnight, often without adequate preparation.

Existing research on voluntary online learning (Ahmed, 2022; Johnson, 2023) provides insights into student motivation and engagement. However, these studies focused on students who chose online learning. The literature reveals a significant gap regarding students forced into remote learning situations, particularly concerning their psychological adjustment, sense of belonging, and long-term academic outcomes. This gap is especially pronounced for African students, where most research has been conducted in Western contexts.

In the Nigerian higher education setting, where many institutions lack robust digital infrastructure and students come from varying digital literacy backgrounds, the specific challenges of forced remote learning remain under-researched. This study addresses that gap by examining the psychological and academic impacts of forced remote learning on undergraduates at major Nigerian universities.

This background section accomplishes several things: it establishes historical context, acknowledges what we know from existing research, explicitly identifies the research gap, and explains why this gap matters specifically in the Nigerian context.

Developing a Strong Problem Statement

This is where your entire research project hinges. Your problem statement must be crystal clear because everything else in your research flows from this foundation. The problem statement answers the fundamental question: “What is the research problem, and why does it matter?”

Many students write vague problem statements like “This study examines social media’s impact on student performance.” This is far too broad and doesn’t clearly identify what specific problem needs to be solved.

A strong problem statement should:

  • Clearly identify the specific problem (not just a general topic)
  • Explain why it matters and to whom it matters
  • Indicate who is affected by this problem
  • Suggest potential consequences if the problem remains unaddressed
  • Be specific enough to guide your research methodology

Weak Problem Statement: “Social media affects student academic performance.”

Strong Problem Statement: “While social media is ubiquitous among Nigerian university students, research has not adequately examined how specific usage patterns (time spent, platform choice, timing of use) relate to academic performance outcomes, particularly in the context of competing demands from hybrid learning environments. This gap in understanding creates challenges for educational institutions attempting to help students maintain healthy digital habits while optimizing their use of technology for learning.”

The strong version specifically identifies: what we don’t understand (relationship between specific usage patterns and performance), the population (Nigerian university students), the context (hybrid learning environments), and why it matters (institutions need this information to support students).

Setting Clear Research Objectives

Research objectives translate your problem statement into specific, achievable goals. They answer the question: “What exactly will this research accomplish?”

Effective objectives are specific, measurable, and aligned with your problem statement. They should be written in clear, active language using strong action verbs.

Here’s how to structure effective research objectives:

General Objective (singular, overarching goal):

To assess the relationship between social media usage patterns and academic performance among undergraduate students at major Nigerian universities.

Specific Objectives (multiple, measurable goals):

  1. To quantify the average daily time spent on social media by undergraduate students and identify primary platforms used.
  2. To identify the specific usage patterns (passive scrolling vs. active learning engagement) most prevalent among students.
  3. To measure the correlation between identified usage patterns and cumulative GPA, course completion rates, and student-reported academic satisfaction.
  4. To explore students’ perspectives on how social media affects their concentration, motivation, and academic engagement.
  5. To develop context-specific recommendations for students and institutions regarding healthy social media use in academic settings.

Notice that each specific objective uses action verbs (quantify, identify, measure, explore, develop) and is specific enough that you could create a research method to accomplish it. Avoid vague objectives that use weak verbs like “understand,” “know,” or “examine.”

Formulating Research Questions and Hypotheses

Your research questions are the concrete inquiries that will guide your data collection and analysis. They represent the translation of your objectives into specific questions that your research will answer. If your objectives describe what you’ll accomplish, your research questions describe what you’ll investigate.

Research questions are particularly important because they directly determine your research methodology. A question asking “what is the prevalence of X?” suggests quantitative methods. A question asking “how do students experience Y?” suggests qualitative methods.

Structure your research questions this way:

Primary Research Question:

To what extent do specific social media usage patterns correlate with academic performance outcomes among undergraduate students at Nigerian universities?

Secondary Research Questions:

  1. What are the predominant social media usage patterns among undergraduates, and how do these vary by gender, discipline of study, and level of education?
  2. Which usage patterns show the strongest correlation with academic performance indicators (GPA, course completion, academic satisfaction)?
  3. How do students themselves perceive the relationship between their social media use and academic outcomes?
  4. What factors enable students to maintain balanced social media use while meeting academic demands?

If your research is quantitative, add hypotheses:

  1. H1: Students spending more than 4 hours daily on social media will have significantly lower cumulative GPAs than those spending less than 2 hours daily.
  2. H2: Passive scrolling and entertainment-focused social media use will be negatively associated with academic performance, while learning-focused use will show positive associations.
  3. H3: Students who use social media during designated study times will report lower academic satisfaction than those who maintain temporal boundaries.

Each hypothesis is testable, specific, and directly addresses one of your research questions.

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Establishing the Significance of Your Study

The significance section answers the crucial “So what?” question. It explains why your research matters and who will benefit from your findings. This section must justify the time and resources your research requires.

Structure your significance section to address multiple stakeholder groups:

For Students: How will your findings help students make better decisions about their social media use? Will your research provide concrete strategies they can implement?

For Educators and Institutions: How will your findings help institutions support student success? What institutional policies or programs could be informed by your research?

For the Academic Field: What gap in the literature does your research address? What new understanding will it contribute?

For Society/Policy: Do your findings have implications for broader discussions about digital wellbeing, educational policy, or social change?

This study has significance for multiple stakeholders. For students, it provides data-driven insights into how their social media habits affect academic success, enabling more informed decisions about technology use. For educators and university administrators, it offers evidence-based understanding of digital engagement patterns, informing the design of student support programs and academic policies. The research addresses a notable gap in the literature by providing context-specific evidence from Nigerian universities, where digital divides, infrastructure challenges, and cultural factors create a distinct landscape from Western research contexts.

Methodologically, this mixed-methods approach contributes a replicable framework for examining technology-learning relationships in African educational settings. Policy implications extend to national discussions about digital literacy in higher education and the development of technology integration guidelines that account for local context and student wellbeing.

Defining Scope and Limitations

Many students view the scope and limitations section as something to minimize or downplay. Actually, the opposite is true. Clearly defining your boundaries demonstrates research sophistication and intellectual honesty. It shows that you understand your research context and have made deliberate choices about what to study and what to exclude.

Your scope describes what your research WILL address:

This research focuses specifically on undergraduate students (200-level to 400-level) enrolled full-time at three major universities in Lagos State during the 2024-2025 academic year. The study examines five primary social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, TikTok, and WhatsApp) where undergraduate students demonstrate significant engagement. The research is limited to students with consistent internet access and does not include distance learning students or those with irregular digital access. Data collection covers a 4-month period during the regular academic semester.

Your limitations describe constraints and potential weaknesses:

  1. Geographic limitation to Lagos State may not represent students in other regions with different infrastructure, economic, or cultural contexts.
  2. Self-reported data on social media usage may be subject to recall bias or social desirability bias.
  3. The 4-month study period may not capture longer-term impacts or seasonal variations in academic performance.
  4. The study cannot establish causation, only correlation, therefore we cannot definitively state that social media use causes lower academic performance.
  5. Institutional differences among the three universities may affect generalizability of findings.

By clearly stating limitations, you demonstrate that you’ve thought critically about your research design and understand where your conclusions apply and where they don’t. This actually enhances your credibility rather than undermining it.

Identifying Assumptions and Operational Definitions

Every research project rests on underlying assumptions – things you take to be true for your research to be valid. Making these explicit is a mark of research rigor.

Theoretical Assumptions:

  1. Students can accurately self-report their social media usage patterns.
  2. Academic performance (GPA) is an adequate measure of learning outcomes.
  3. The relationship between social media use and academic performance is similar across different disciplinary contexts.

Methodological Assumptions:

  1. The survey instrument used is valid and reliable for measuring social media usage in Nigerian contexts.
  2. Participants will provide honest responses about their social media habits.
  3. A 4-month academic semester adequately captures students’ normal patterns of engagement.

Operational Definitions ensure clarity and consistency:

Social Media Usage: The time spent and activities engaged in on social platforms (active posting, passive scrolling, communication, entertainment consumption) measured in hours per day and categorized by platform and activity type.

Academic Performance: Measured by cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) on a 4.0 scale, course completion rates, and self-reported academic satisfaction ratings on a Likert scale.

Undergraduate Student: A full-time student enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at participating institutions, in their second through fourth years of study.

Passive Usage: Social media engagement focused on consuming others’ content without active participation (scrolling feeds, watching videos, viewing stories).

Active Usage: Social media engagement involving creation or meaningful participation (posting content, commenting, messaging, collaborative projects).

These operational definitions are crucial because they ensure that when someone reads your research, they understand exactly what you mean by the terms you’re using. “Social media usage” could mean many different things – by defining it operationally, you eliminate ambiguity.

Common Mistakes Students Make in Chapter 1 (and How to Avoid Them)

After reviewing hundreds of research projects, we’ve identified the most common mistakes that weak Chapter 1 sections share. Being aware of these pitfalls can help you avoid them.

Mistake 1: Scope Creep

The Problem: You try to address everything related to your topic rather than narrowing down to a specific, manageable research question.

Weak Example: “This study examines all aspects of how technology affects student learning, including social media, email, learning management systems, online educational resources, and general computer use.”

Better Example: “This study examines how daily social media usage patterns specifically relate to academic performance in undergraduate students at Nigerian universities, with focus on the most-used platforms (Instagram, TikTok, Twitter/X).”

The key difference: the better example is narrower, more specific, and therefore more achievable within the constraints of a research project.

Mistake 2: Misaligned Components

The Problem: Your research objectives don’t actually address your problem statement. Your research questions don’t align with your objectives. Your methodology (in Chapter 3) won’t actually answer your research questions.

Example of Misalignment:

Problem Statement: “Undergraduate students’ social media use correlates with academic performance, but we don’t understand which specific usage patterns are problematic.”

Research Objective: “To understand students’ attitudes toward technology in general.”

These don’t align. If your problem is about specific usage patterns and academic performance, your objective should address that relationship, not general attitudes toward technology.

Mistake 3: Weak Opening

The Problem: Your introduction fails to capture attention or establish relevance.

Weak Opening: “This study is about social media and students.”

Strong Opening: “According to recent research, undergraduate students spend an average of 4-5 hours daily on social media platforms, yet many report struggling to balance this engagement with academic demands. Despite decades of research on technology and learning, we still lack context-specific understanding of how students in African universities manage digital engagement while maintaining academic focus.”

The strong opening provides specific information, establishes relevance (the tension between social media engagement and academics), and clearly identifies what we still need to understand.

Mistake 4: Insufficient Justification

The Problem: You don’t adequately explain why your research matters or who will benefit from it.

Weak Significance Section: “Understanding social media’s impact on academic performance is important.”

Strong Significance Section: “Understanding which social media usage patterns most negatively affect academic performance will enable universities to develop targeted interventions. For students, this research provides actionable insights into how to manage digital engagement without sacrificing academic success. For policy makers, this research provides evidence for digital literacy and wellbeing initiatives. For African higher education institutions specifically, this research addresses a gap in literature where most existing research reflects Western contexts and may not account for Africa’s unique digital access patterns, infrastructure challenges, and cultural approaches to technology.”

The strong version explains specifically who benefits (universities, students, policy makers, African institutions) and what they’ll be able to do with the findings.

Mistake 5: Vague Language

The Problem: You use imprecise language that doesn’t clearly convey your meaning.

Vague: “The effects of social media on students are significant.”

Specific: “Undergraduate students who spend more than 4 hours daily on social media report 0.5 points lower cumulative GPAs on average compared to those spending less than 2 hours daily, according to preliminary institution data.”

The specific version provides concrete information that actually helps readers understand what you’re claiming.

A Strategic Approach to Writing Chapter 1

Don’t write Chapter 1 in section order. Instead, follow this process:

  1. Start with your problem statement. This is the anchor. Everything else should flow from this core idea.
  2. Develop research questions that directly address this problem. If your question doesn’t relate to your problem, revise one or the other.
  3. Create objectives that align with your questions. Each objective should help answer at least one research question.
  4. Write your background section to show how your problem emerged and why it matters.
  5. Write your introduction to funnel readers from general context down to your specific focus.
  6. Develop your significance section to explain why anyone should care.
  7. Define your scope and limitations to show realistic boundaries.
  8. List your assumptions and define your key terms.
  9. Finally, review and revise to ensure all sections align.

The mistake most students make is starting at section 1 (introduction) and working sequentially through to section 9. This means you’re writing your introduction before you’ve fully clarified your problem, objectives, and questions – which makes alignment nearly impossible.

This is another area where working with PremiumResearchers can save you considerable time. Our experienced writers follow this strategic approach, ensuring that all nine components align perfectly and support each other. We can also provide detailed feedback on your draft Chapter 1, pointing out where components aren’t aligned and suggesting specific revisions to strengthen them.

Frequently Asked Questions About Chapter 1

How long should Chapter 1 be?

Chapter 1 typically ranges from 10-15 pages for a master’s thesis to 20-30 pages for a doctoral dissertation, depending on your institution’s requirements. The key is comprehensiveness, not length – you should thoroughly cover all nine components without unnecessary repetition or filler. A well-written 12-page Chapter 1 is better than a poorly-written 25-page version. Focus on quality and clarity over hitting a specific page count.

What if my research objectives don’t perfectly align with my research questions?

This is a common problem, and the solution is revision. Your research questions should emerge directly from your objectives. If you have a research objective like “To identify barriers to digital adoption among older adults,” your research questions should ask specific questions about those barriers. For example, “What are the primary barriers to digital adoption among adults over 65?” If your questions don’t connect to your objectives, something needs to be revised. This is why many students benefit from professional feedback during Chapter 1 development – we can identify misalignments immediately and help you fix them.

]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/feed/ 0 IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON YOUTHS PARTICIPATION IN NIGERIA’S ELECTIONS https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-social-media-on-youths-participation-in-nigerias-elections/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-social-media-on-youths-participation-in-nigerias-elections/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=54840 IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON YOUTHS PARTICIPATION IN NIGERIA’S ELECTIONS

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IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON YOUTHS PARTICIPATION IN NIGERIA’S ELECTIONS

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background for the Study

Before the millennium, the majority of the world’s knowledge came from the mainstream media. Because of the lack of various modern technologies, news dissemination was not as immediate as it is today.

Some news pieces were published weeks or months after they occurred because reporters had to travel long distances between news beats to relay information.

The days of writing a letter to a friend who lives overseas and waiting three months or more for him to receive it, followed by another three months or more for him to respond are long gone.

However, the technological revolution that began with the introduction of the Internet in the mid-1990s paved the ground for social media and microblogging websites to emerge in the 2000s.

Social media and, by extension, the internet allow for the immediate distribution of news. When sending and receiving information is no longer limited by space and time, a massive breach in the communication barrier that has existed since the beginning of space and time occurs.

Ayankoya, Calitz, and Cullen (2015) define social media as the use of web-based tools and services for communication, collaboration, content creation, and sharing by individuals and groups.

Social media is primarily concerned with communication, how it occurs, and the connections that arise as a result of these talks. individuals and groups can use social media to build, maintain, and stay connected to a network of other individuals who share their interests (Ayankoya et al., 2015).

According to data from 2019 (zephoria.com), 2.38 billion people use Facebook every month. According to supplementary study, consumers spend approximately 25% of their internet time on the different social media platforms available, with Facebook users accounting for 33% of total online time.

Thus, social media is an important medium for businesses and organisations to communicate with their target audiences (Ayankoya et al., 2015).

According to the Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre (2012, reported in Adedeji, 2015), social media was used extensively for political communication during the 2011 Nigerian elections.

It was used to launch campaigns across a range of media platforms, including blogs, social media sites, and personal websites. In addition, social media was used to undermine and even damage the reputations of other political parties, particularly the People’s Democratic Party and the All Progressive Party.

During the 2015 general election, social media gained influence and became a more dangerous weapon. Many political parties and individuals have had their reputations boosted or harmed by revelations in the form of films, voice notes, headlines, and broadcasts.

For example, Senator Buruji Kashamu’s political ambitions and subsequent oath of office were nearly jeopardised as a result of a publication on him.

A hate video targeted both General Muhammadu Buhari and Senator Bola Tinubu. Typically, these recordings would have put an end to these individuals’ political ambitions in other countries (Adedeji, 2015).

Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and blogs were heavily used during the 2015 Nigerian general elections. Because of its participative, interactive, and cost-effective nature, social media has emerged as a legitimate and important instrument for political campaign planners in carrying out election campaigns and other electioneering operations, as well as political involvement and mobilisation. As a result, it is evident how essential social media is in mobilising political support (Chinedu-Okeke, Chinonye, & Obi, 2016).

Youth is defined differently among civilizations and cultures. In most Nigerian societies, the transition from infancy to youth is marked by formalised rites of passage. These ceremonies have symbolic meaning because they allow a person to ascend in rank and status.

This new status becomes valid once it receives actual community support and activity. One thing is certain: the boundaries between childhood and adolescence, as well as adolescence and adulthood, are becoming increasingly blurred, and the transition to each new period takes various forms.

It may be difficult to define youth globally in terms of a specific age range since the changes that young people must deal with are not as predictable as they were in the past.

The United Nations and other organisations typically use the age range of 15 to 24 for statistical purposes, however in many cases, this distinction is too tight for countries such as Nigeria.

Aside from the statistical definition, the term “youth” has evolved into new connotations as a result of changing political, economic, and sociocultural contexts.

For example, in many African countries, boys may not reach maturity until their late twenties or early thirties in order to acquire the economic and social stability that comes with a steady employment (Second National Youth Policy Document of Nigeria, 2009).

The terms “young” and “youth” have been subject to a variety of interpretations and approaches. There is, however, some disagreement over these names and concepts. However, some notions and definitions are critical.

According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), youth is the period during which a person develops the abilities and social skills required to prepare for the financial benefits and obligations of adulthood.

As a result, rather than a time period with fixed age boundaries, youth can be viewed as a separate stage of life with distinct social, economic, psychological, and political characteristics (Melike, 2017).

However, the Federal Republic of Nigeria defines a youngster as anyone aged 15 to 29 (Third National Youngster Policy Document, 2019).

Nigeria is now the world’s fastest growing and sixth most populous country. According to worldometers.info (2019), Nigeria’s population is currently predicted to be 200,950,000, with a median age of 17.9 years.

According to the census, Nigeria has 50 million persons between the ages of 15 and 34 in 2006, which largely correlates to the 18 and 35 age range used in the 2009 National Youth Policy to define youth.

This figure for the youth population represented 35.6% of Nigeria’s overall population at the time. In Nigeria, 33.4 percent of men and 37.9 percent of women were aged 15 to 34 in 2006.

According to the National Bureau of Statistics and the Federal Ministry of Youth Development’s 2012 National Baseline Youth Survey, Nigeria has 64.1 million youths between the ages of 15 and 35, with 52.2 million aged 18 to 35. 51.6 percent of teenagers aged 15 to 35 and 52.8 percent of young people aged 18 to 35 were female.

According to the Third National Youth Policy Document (2019), Lagos State had the highest proportion of youths in Nigeria (aged 18 to 35) (6.3%), while Kwara State had the lowest (1.3%) in 2012.

Youth involvement in elections has historically been lower than that of other age groups, though this has been decreasing over the last several decades. Youth idleness is a typical reason for this problem, despite the fact that today’s youth volunteer more than previous generations.

Another possible explanation is that young people do not feel included in society. Owning a home and having children gives you a more direct voice in how hospitals and schools are operated, which leads to increased political participation (Erica, 2017).

Recent research from European democracies shows that, in addition to dropping far faster than any other social group, teenage electoral involvement is consistently unequal when compared to adult levels of participation (Sirinic, 2017). This is quite troubling.

When Prof. Atthahiru Jega, the then-chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), presented the election results live on television in 2015, residents at home and abroad who couldn’t see the programme could follow along via live feeds on various social media channels. In fact, as the INEC Chairman announced the results, citizens shared them on social media.

And, with a fresh general election having concluded in 2019, political parties and their candidates have once again made extensive use of social media.

The People’s Democratic Party (PDP) presidential candidate for this year’s election publicly announced his decision to run via Facebook, much as Dr Goodluck Jonathan did in 2011, when he originally announced his candidature.

Omoyele Sowore, a candidate for the African Democratic Congress, Kingsley Moghalu, a candidate for the Young Progressives Party, and even Muhammadu Buhari, a candidate for the All Progressives Congress, all maintained a strong social media presence, highlighting the importance of social media in any political process.

The purpose of this research is to assess how undergraduate students at the University of Abuja use social media and their level of political involvement. The study investigates if social media may be utilised as a tool of social control, similar to traditional mass media.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The majority of democratic countries around the world, including Nigeria, have embraced social media as a specialist medium for modern human communication.

Social media is one of the most popular forms of communication between politicians and the electorate, and politicians all over the world use it heavily and strategically to achieve their specific goals of projecting positive images, winning elections, and maintaining relationships with their constituents.

Social media has helped to facilitate information exchange between political candidates and the electorate. It informs and influences voters’ political choices, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour towards certain political candidates (Victor, Ikechukwu, Gerald, and Chinedum, 2017).

In Nigeria, however, politicians’ daily use of social media and how user-citizens interact with political social network sites and pages has received less attention.

Political gladiators of all shades, ideologies, intentions, and aims use the media in the hope that political communication through them can exert pressure or influence on people’s views and behaviours. Politicians expect the communication relationship to be positive and advantageous to them.

The historical and cultural dominance of print and electronic media, as well as the imagined hypodermic needle effect of mass media messaging, are related to this perspective on social media’s influence.

Profit-driven competition for political space has resulted in both ethical and unethical political communication using all available platforms of interpersonal and mass communication, regardless of the perceived impact of the media, whether from the perspective of “maximalists” or “minimalists” (Victor et al., 2017).

The administration, particularly the presidential candidates, has used social media as well as traditional media to mobilise young people for the 2019 general elections.

This study will look at how social media is used as a legitimate mobilisation tool during general election campaigns. The study will also examine how young people voted in the recent presidential election and used social media.

Despite the foregoing, the purpose of this study is to investigate how well social media is used as a political platform in Nigeria, and how its growing benefits can be used to empower voters to exercise their political sovereignty by transparently electing and removing representatives and governments in a democratic manner, free of undue interference or obstruction (Chinedu- Okeke et al., 2016).

To establish whether social media has a genuine impact in building a positive image of political candidates, this study investigates the influence of social media as a tool used to urge teenagers to vote.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The broad objectives of this investigation are:

To assess the impact of social media on youth participation in Nigeria’s general elections.

To investigate whether social media effects how young people perceive politicians’ images on social media.

To investigate whether one youth’s political participation on social media communications influences other teenagers’ political ideas.

To determine the level of trust Nigerian youths place in political messaging on social media.

1.4 Research Questions.

What impact does social media have on youth political involvement in Nigeria’s general elections?

Do social media influence teenagers’ perceptions of politicians’ images?

What is the credibility level of what young people read on social media?

To what extent do youngsters believe social media statements are credible?

1.5 Significance of the Study

First and foremost, the significance of this study will be demonstrated by the gap it bridges through the resolution of its research questions.

Second, the study will be extremely beneficial to politicians, political parties, media consultants, election judges, and government officials at all levels because it will help them understand the benefits and effectiveness of using social media tools, as well as the best ways to project their clients’ images and raise public awareness of candidates.

The findings of this study will assist Nigeria’s democracy in growing steadily over time. It is critical to conduct research and studies on young people’s political and social behaviour because they are the nation’s future and engine (Adedeji, 2015).

Finally, because it will contribute to the body of knowledge already accessible on the effectiveness of social media in politics while also broadening the existing substantial knowledge, this study will be immensely beneficial to academic scholars and other knowledge seekers.

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Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Television has been the most important medium in mass communication since its inception (Usaini, 2010). It can be considered a reliable source of information. The reasons are: full colour, action-packed, auditory and visual strength, and a mix of actors/actresses and presenters. This makes television a realistic medium for the audience (Orbe, 2010).

It transports audiences through theatre, cinema, documentaries, and other stunning presentations and shows, entertaining, educating, and informing them. ”

Television has a pervasive influence on teenagers, adolescents, and youths. The influence is mostly on their wearing and attires, that is, what they wear and use to beautify themselves” (Saodah & Mohd, nd.).

As a result, the spread of television and its impact on teenage social conduct has recently raised serious concerns (Nwodu, 2021). Television is highly valued as a medium of mass communication around the world.

Television portrays messages that have an impact on viewers, most notably their fashion choices. Television has a particularly special role in the culture of a people.

According to Baran (2009:75), television, like literature, is a unique cultural medium that plays a significant role in cultural transmission. According to research, television has a role in socialisation and cultural transmission.

The media has a huge presence in people’s lives. Within the discipline of communication, media refers to the specific medium utilised to convey a message to a wide, anonymous, and diversified audience (Pearce, 2009a).

Media studies include research on media effects, which refer to the media’s influence on audiences, as well as media representations, which are depictions of different cultural groups.

The notion that objective reality does not exist is central to social creation (Pearce, 1995). Instead, researchers who support this foundation emphasise that all knowledge is historically and culturally distinctive (Allen, 2005).

The media, as a powerful social structure, plays a vital part in shaping a person’s perception of reality (Gergen 1999). Even people who rigorously control their media consumption are susceptible to media influences.

All forms of media serve as cultural socialisation agents. Scholars have spent the most time examining the impact of television on personal, cultural, and societal perceptions (Orbe, 2010).

This is mostly due to the rapid rise of the television industry and its pervasiveness in daily life. As a socialisation agent, mass mediated pictures on television, such as news, soap operas, situation comedies, dramas, discussion programmes, athletic events, and so on, can have a significant impact on how people perceive themselves and others (Orbe 2010).

As a result, governments in certain countries prohibit particular forms of programming or only allow television shows that promote specific agendas. As a result, programmes created and transmitted around the world frequently reflect political, religious, cultural, and social objectives (Orbe, 2010).

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/influence-of-mtv-base-musical-programme-on-the-dressing-pattern-of-absu-students/feed/ 0 EVALUATION OF THE AWARENESS AND BEHAVIOUR OF JOURNALISTS IN CAMPAIGN FOR CHILD RIGHTS ACT https://www.premiumresearchers.com/evaluation-of-the-awareness-and-behaviour-of-journalists-in-campaign-for-child-rights-act/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/evaluation-of-the-awareness-and-behaviour-of-journalists-in-campaign-for-child-rights-act/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=54977 EVALUATION OF THE AWARENESS AND BEHAVIOUR OF JOURNALISTS IN CAMPAIGN FOR CHILD RIGHTS ACT

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EVALUATION OF THE AWARENESS AND BEHAVIOUR OF JOURNALISTS IN CAMPAIGN FOR CHILD RIGHTS ACT

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

According to (Owolabi, 2012), a kid is defined as someone under the age of 18 under the kid’s Rights Act and the African Children’s Charter. The Child’s Rights Act of 2003 is a Nigerian law that guarantees the rights of all children.

The Child’s Right Act has been enacted as state legislation in 24 of Nigeria’s 36 states to date. As a result, 12 of Nigeria’s 36 states have yet to implement the Child’s Right Act into their legislation.

Nigeria passed the Child Rights Act in 2003 to implement the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Children’s Rights Act of 2003 grants children the human rights provided by Nigeria’s 1999 constitution (Ogunniyi, 2018).

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the world’s most commonly accepted standard on children’s rights, includes a complete list of rights for children and adolescents under the age of 18.

When Ireland joined the Convention in 1992, it committed to promoting children’s rights. Children’s rights refer to their developmental and age-appropriate needs, which change as they grow older.

Children’s rights include:

Children have the right to health, education, family life, play and amusement, a decent quality of living, and protection from abuse and harm, and it is the responsibility of every citizen and country to guarantee that these rights are exercised (Owolabi 2012).

The Child’s Rights Act has yet to be implemented in 11 states in northern Nigeria. There is no evidence of these state legislatures addressing or debating the Act. Other laws, including the constitution, are said to be capable of protecting children.

According to the Oak Foundation (2013), customs such as early marriage, female genital mutilation, and begging continue to influence children in those regions. According to the Child’s Rights Act and the African Children’s Charter, a child is defined as anyone under the age of 18 years.

However, in Nigeria, different laws define children in different ways and for different purposes, therefore children who should benefit from the Child’s Rights Act do not.

This has sparked national and international outrage, with various bodies and international organisations, including ECPAT International, Save the Children, UNICEF, and the International Bureau for Children’s Rights (IBCR), leading the campaign to promote the Child’s Right Act in Nigeria and around the world, though world governments also play a role.

The government must take the lead in harmonising the various definitions in compliance with international and regional regulations.

These organisations mostly advocate for the Child’s Right Act through journalism. According to Boothby (2010), journalists are critical to the Child’s Right Act campaign since they are the ones to whom information may readily be communicated.

They are also given top priority because they are typically the first responders in cases of child abuse or a breach of the Child’s Rights Act. Thus, their attitude towards the CRA is critical.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

(Boothby2010) contends that child abuse and exploitation cases have become too regular in the media to remain rare and noteworthy, according to a growing but concerning opinion in some media circles.

This is due to the way most journalists present child abuse tales to the public. Many journalists believe that abuse stories have lost their shock value.

To accomplish effect, new methodologies and approaches must be developed to rethink how child safety stories are spread and presented by the media (Oak Foundation 2013).

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary goal of this research is to assess journalists’ awareness and behaviour throughout the campaign for the Child’s Right Act in Nigeria. Other points to examine in this research are:

Investigate the effectiveness of the Child Rights Act awareness campaign in Nigeria.
Examine journalists’ capacity to accurately convey violations of the Child Rights Act (iii). Examine journalists’ involvement in the struggle for the Child Rights Act.

Examine how journalists portray the Child Rights Act and its violations to the public.
1.4 Research Questions.

Is Nigeria’s Child Rights Act awareness campaign successful?

Have media successfully shown or portrayed the Child Rights Act and its violations?

iii. Are journalists actually active in the push for the Child Rights Act?

 

How do journalists and the media portray Child Rights Acts and abuses to the public?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study will be extremely beneficial to the field of research because it will serve as a consolidation of previous works on relevant themes. It will also act as a reference for other research projects and future studies.

Furthermore, this work will assist journalists, organisations interested in the Child Rights Act, and the entire world by raising awareness and facilitating the enactment of the Act.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on the awareness and attitude of print journalists at Pioneer Newspaper Company Uyo during the campaign for Child Rights Acts in Nigeria. This study involves a sample of journalists from this media outlet.

This research will also shed additional insight on the many initiatives that international organisations interested in the Child’s Right Act are launching.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

This study is limited to investigations conducted just on print journalists, and it is also constrained because it was conducted in a single print media house, therefore the results cannot be used by other media houses but can only serve as a reference.

Furthermore, this study is limited because it only looks at journalists and not other groups of individuals. The fact that the research is only being conducted in Uyo is also a constraint, as the findings cannot be applied to other places.

1.8 Definition of Terms

Campaigning is defined as working in an organised and active manner towards a specific goal, usually political or social in nature.

Awareness: The knowledge or perception of a specific fact or circumstance.

Behaviour is the manner in which one acts or conducts oneself, particularly towards others.

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IMPACT OF TWITTER GROUP CHAT OR ( EMAIL NEWSLETTER) ON TACKLING CORONAVIRUS

Impact of Twitter Group Chat Or (Email Newsletter) On Combating Coronavirus

The Research Project Material Guide includes an introduction, the study’s background, a statement of the problem, the study’s objective, research hypotheses, research questions, the study’s significance, scope, and limitations.

Definition of terms, study organisation, literature review, research methodology, data collection sources, study population, sampling and sampling distribution, validation of research instrument, data analysis method, data presentation, analysis, and interpretation, conclusion, references, and questionnaire.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-twitter-group-chat-or-email-newsletter-on-tackling-coronavirus/feed/ 0 IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-social-media-on-students-academic-performance-among-senior-high-students/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-social-media-on-students-academic-performance-among-senior-high-students/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=55111 IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS

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IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study.
Alfred et al. (2006). Says communication is a basic human need, and man has always found a method to meet it, whether through interpersonal or mass communication. Because to different advances in information technology, individuals all over the world are now living in a global village, as opposed to the past.

According to Marshall Mcluhan, a Canadian English professor, “The world is now in a global village where the entire world is compressed into a single electronic chat room.” Katz,(2009). Opines that information that would normally take days or weeks to transmit now takes seconds or minutes.

People can now communicate with others to obtain required information as rapidly as possible from different sections of the country or from other countries via social media without leaving their immediate surroundings.

The rapid advancement of technology towards the end of the twentieth century, fueled by the need for the internet, satellites, and so on, resulted in what is known as social media.

In contrast, social media is a phrase used in today’s society to refer to the emergence of digital, computerised, or networked interactive information channels. It is worth noting that because.

Furthermore, social media is a type of electronic communication that enables connection based on certain interests and qualities. Social media are forms of media that facilitate social engagement by utilising highly accessible and scalable publication strategies.

Facebook, Twitter, Eskimi, and 2go are examples of social media platforms that leverage web-based technologies to convert and broadcast media monologues into social dialogues.

Thus, Facebook began as a local social network created for Harvard students. It was created by a sophomore named Mark Zuckerberg. Facebook was created by hacking Harvard’s database, which contained identity photographs of students.

The first idea was to compare students’ faces to photographs of animals for entertainment purposes. However, due to the site’s potentially harmful contents, the founders opted to take it down before it drew the attention of school authorities. The application was taken down, but the notion of forming an online student community emerged.

The software was then enhanced, and Facebook was made available on universities other than Harvard earlier than intended. Following that, high schools began to become interested in the concept of online communities, thereby introducing the website to a younger demographic.

In 2006, facebook.com finally gave the rest of the globe the opportunity. As 2007 approached, the number of registrants grew to approximately a million dozen. Facebook has grown to become the world’s largest and most popular social networking site, with over 500 million active users. (Facebook statistics, 2012).

Also, 2GO, originally 2GO Travel, is a ferry operator headquartered in Manila, Philippines, and a subsidiary of 2GO Group, a private firm owned by the Chinese government through the China-Asean Investment Cooperation Fund.

It is the Philippines’ largest ferry business, with its main hub at the Eva Macapagal Super Terminal on Pier 15 in Manila’s South Harbour. Until 2012, 2GO was called Negros Navigation.

It changed its name in response to a significant realignment of ferry transport in the Philippines, which saw long-standing companies SuperFerry, Cebu Ferries, and SuperCat first merged into SuperFerry under the Aboitiz Transport System, and then purchased by Negros Navigation for US$105 million in December 2010.

 

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The advancement of technology in this century has transformed all human activities on Earth, including communication. Prof. Marshal McLuhan proposed that the world has become a global village, in which the use of computers and the internet is essential. Social media is one of the countless ways that people engage and communicate online.

Today, millions of individuals use social media platforms such as Facebook, 2go, Twitter, and others to exchange opinions, thoughts, and other related topics, with a large proportion of them being young.

The impact of social media on academic performance of secondary school students,” with a particular emphasis on senior secondary high schools in Enugu state. The study aims to determine the extent to which social media has been used and its impact on students’ academic achievement.

 

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The study’s aims are:

The purpose of this study is to determine whether students in Ghana use social media.

The purpose of this study is to determine how much time students spend on social media in Ghana.

iii. Determine the usefulness of social media among Ghanaian students.

To understand the kind of activities that students engage in on social media in Ghana.

To determine whether social media influences pupils’ academic achievement.

To understand how social media affects students’ social lives.

vii. To investigate what kind of social media students prefer to use.

 

1.4 Research Hypotheses

To ensure the study’s success, the researcher developed the following research hypotheses:

H0: Social media does not affect pupils’ academic performance in senior high school.

H1: Social media affects pupils’ academic achievement in senior high school.

H02: Social media has no impact on the social lives of Ghanaian students.

H2: Social media has an impact on the social lives of Ghanaian students.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-social-media-on-students-academic-performance-among-senior-high-students/feed/ 0 INFLUENCE OF ICT ON MODERN DAY PRACTICE OF BROADCAST JOURNALISM https://www.premiumresearchers.com/influence-of-ict-on-modern-day-practice-of-broadcast-journalism/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/influence-of-ict-on-modern-day-practice-of-broadcast-journalism/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=55180 INFLUENCE OF ICT ON MODERN DAY PRACTICE OF BROADCAST JOURNALISM

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INFLUENCE OF ICT ON MODERN DAY PRACTICE OF BROADCAST JOURNALISM

Synopsis

Because current technology has greatly benefited our nation, this study, “The influence of icts on modern day practice of broadcast journalism in Ogun State,” has a favourable effect on news writing and reporting.

It is pertinent to the practice of journalism since every technology advancement ushers in a new audience, a new paradigm, opportunities, and difficulties.

An organisation needs to have adequate and efficient information technologies as well as the skills to use them in order to market its products to an audience in an efficient and effective manner.

The purpose of the research is to determine how ICTs affect journalism practice. It will examine how technology is affecting news and information reporting. On the other hand, the survey research approach on working journalists was employed in the study.

The sample size will be established using Taro Yamane’s formula (1964), which will be 122. The sampling approach that will be used is purposive sampling, which is a non-probability sampling technique.

Chi-square will be used to test the hypothesis and generate data from the questionnaire. The results will demonstrate that practicing journalists in Abeokuta are aware of, have access to, and utilise ICTs.

ICTs improve the reporting of news and information. It will suggest that increasing media practitioners’ capacity is crucial to exposing them to the demands of modern technology.

Section I

OVERVIEW

1.0 Background Of The Study

The media must be acknowledged as a crucial tool for educating the public about clearly defined national goals and their respective roles, responsibilities, and expectations. The media works in the public interest.

It is the process by which the people hold the government, institutions, organisations, and everyone else in positions of authority accountable. It implies that people’s thoughts, feelings, and the wider world are influenced by the media’s content.

But with the advent of new technology, the media has significantly changed the nature of communication in society. The dynamic nature of applied technology has also affected people’s attitudes towards traditional media

including print, music, radio, film, and television, in terms of both preference and delivery. Cyberspace, the digital realm of communication, allows relatives living apart from one another to communicate.

The media and emerging technologies are essentially bringing new means of communicating ideas, feelings, opinions, thoughts, and information. They are also creating new avenues for learning about the world and its identities.

Furthermore, as technology advances, these avenues will facilitate global information flow, realising Marshal McLuhan’s vision of the global village, in which neighbours are no longer just those who live next door.

In addition to time and distance, he would be in a remote area of the hemisphere where there would be linguistic, cultural, normative, and value differences. What transpires to people that are instantly acquainted with each other (Agba, 2001:7)

Information and communication technology (ICT) has improved the global neighbourhood in terms of mediating in communication and information dissemination worldwide. It is any artefact that man manipulates to aid him in communicating personally, massively, and most importantly, promptly Nodu (2004:32)

Everywhere we think of information or communication technology, computers, satellites, fax machines, fibre optics, digital networks, and finally the internet network immediately spring to mind, claims Okunna (2004:20).

She goes on to say that they are also referred to as New Communication Technology (NCT), which has given rise to the information superhighway and the information high way and enables computer-mediated communication (CMC). All of this is related to the internet realm, which Hibson dubbed “Cyberspace” in Okunna.

Agba was in Okunna, C.S. NCTs, as defined by (2004), refer to technologies that have a direct influence on how the media gathers, prepares, and disseminates information.

Agba also attributes these new businesses and communication procedures to having a faster pace, a wider audience, a better vision, and the ability to exchange information in both directions.

Numerous newspapers in the western states, along with radio and television, also published satellite editions in various towns throughout the nation and abroad.

Dominick (1993:184) provided an example of a paper like the Herald Tribune International. The Washington Post, USA, Today International World Paper, Wall Street Journal, London Financial Times, and Economics.

Since Nigeria does not yet have access to satellite publications, the early and late editions of the same newspapers are provided. The difference in content becomes apparent if a customer purchases a national circulation newspaper in the overt, Edo, or Delta States, and then purchases a second edition of the same newspaper that same day as soon as the customer crosses the Niger bridge into the East. The other is in late edition, whilst the first is in early edition.

Regarding the applicability of technologies, Owuamalam (2005:12) explores how the internet, or the information highway, demonstrates how journalism has evolved into a state-of-the-art profession in the twenty-first century.

Owuamalam concludes that those who are not familiar with the new technology are either ignorant of it or fail to take advantage of its opportunities.

Information technology is a social force that is changing the media landscape rather than being a medium in and of itself. It has impacted various aspects of publication, including reporting, editing, page creation, and videography.

In the modern day, the internet and computers have made journalism practice easier. One of the main things that has supported the idea that the world is a global village is the internet (McLuhan, 1974:100).

The internet is defined by Nwabueze (2005:163) as the interconnectedness of computers and certain other devices, such as mobile phones, which exchange information through phone lines.

Any computer with an internet connection has a magic carpet of a screen. In a matter of minutes, it can move a fresher one full round without moving an inch.

These days, several print media use the internet to organise their reporters’ activities. Pages are even planned in some outstations and sent via the internet to the head office, where they are published as part of the newspapers.

Regionally created printed publications are produced on a daily basis through carefully designed production. Ikpe and Ibekwe are computers that can automatically print data that they receive via phone lines, microwaves, or satellites (2006:67).

At the centre of convergence is the computer, whose introduction into the media sector has resulted in a verifiable explosion in terms of efficiency, inventiveness, and precision (Ikpe and Ibekwe, 2006).

They thought that the computer’s capacity to convert text, numbers, sound, and pictures into digital form was what gave it this advantageous position in the digital convergence.

The media industry’s use of ICTs has altered how it operates, affecting broadcast product content, circulation aesthetics, employee quality, and the development of new careers in each ICT-driven firm.

Additionally, the method has facilitated professional networking. similar to those in electronic engineering, computer science, etc. In what Nwosu (2007:11) referred to as “synergistic communication for development,” experts from many professions pool their resources and ideas in order to achieve human growth that is sustainable.

The 21st-century journalist is a hybrid of training proficiency and experience. It calls for the discernment to recognise a fresh audience and the capacity to satisfy clients’ aspirations for success, according to journalist Owuamalam (2006:125).

Journalists will only be praised for their connection to societal needs and services when they are up to date on 21st-century technologies.

Journalists need to be aware that by simply pressing the communication button on a technology driver’s car, they can enter the information superhighway and instantly access the information they need to know about the world.

They must determine the proper use for every new technology, keeping in mind that devices like video phones, laptops, and GSM phones are useless if not used properly Owuamalam (2006:122).

ICTs have facilitated all facets of mass communication in Nigeria. Thanks to the development of information and communication technology (ICTs), advertising has endured from the first days of press to the present, with ever-increasing modernizations Obasi (2011:205)

Since those who may live as far north can now do so thanks to ICTs. Assume that America evaluates the specifics of the problems that exist in America, citing Nigeria as a case in point Owualamam (2006:177). Thus, inquire:

What does this mean for journalism in the twenty-first century when it comes to using the most advanced technology?

-How will the changes impact journalists’ jobs and performance in the modern era?

-How would journalism deal with the demands of modern technology in an environment where power supplies are intermittent and occasionally unreliable? Nigeria, the world’s seventh-largest oil producer, faces a humiliating shortage of fuel for power generation.

The purpose of this research is to determine how media correspondents use these ICTs to efficiently gather, process, and disseminate news and information. It also becomes essential to comprehend how one might acquire journalistic competence, effectiveness, efficiency, and training in the information jet.

Above all, the goal of this study is to learn how journalists see the impact of ICTs on media practices in terms of performance, efficiency, job loss or substitution, and other factors.

1.1 Statement Of The Problem

Getting digitalized equipment should be prioritised, regardless of the expense, as the current technology period has paved the road and had a significant impact on the communication industry.

As a result, this action will contribute to improving the amount and quality of news and information materials. The issue, then, is that the issues of stale news content in the media, especially the print medium, cannot be solved by new technologies.

Curiosity has been shown towards the new information technology since it is a relatively new and very large field. Analysis of its innate potentials and dangers have been triggered, according to Ukonu (2006:98).

Third-world nations like Ghana and Nigeria have also joined the quest to figure out how to best utilise the new information technology’s potential.

The issue lies in the fact that a lack of knowledge regarding the NICT’s potential may hinder its application and adaptation in the modern mass media sectors; adaption alone will not be sufficient to improve journalism practices.

The adoption of new information and communication technologies (NICTs) is seen as a misplaced priority in rural areas. However, journalism practice can address this as well.

Specifically, since NICTs are becoming more prevalent in workplaces, it is important to determine whether or not journalists’ fears of job loss and health hazards related to NICTs are real or imagined and are impeding the adoption of new technologies for news gathering and journalism practice.

1.2 The Objectives Of The Study

The study’s objectives are to:

to ascertain the level of ICT awareness among Ogun State’s working journalists.

to determine the percentage of working journalists in Ogun State who have completed formal ICT training.

to determine whether the usage of ICTs improves the reporting of news and information.

to determine whether Ogun State’s working journalists have access to ICTs.

1.3 Research Issues

Are Ogun State’s working journalists familiar with ICTs?

How many active journalists in Ogun State have had official instruction in ICT usage?

Does the use of ICTs improve the reporting of news and information?

Does Ogun State’s practicing journalism have access to ICTs?

1.4 Significance of the Research

The study will give media owners, planners, and practitioners compelling arguments for integrating ICTs into their daily operations. It will function as a point of reference for scholars, students, researchers, and users of information and communication technology, both now and in the future.

It will also act as a foundation for knowledge about the potentials and risks of ICTs as well as how to take advantage of their benefits. It will also motivate people to handle the risks that come with using ICTs.

Furthermore, the research will contribute to dispelling the myth that media professionals lose their jobs as a result of ICT adoption. Lastly, the research results will enrich the body of knowledge already available in the field of information and communication technologies.

1.5 Research Theories

The following theories will be developed and examined.

H0: A significant portion of working journalists in Ogun State are not familiar with ICT.

H1: A sizable portion of working journalists in Ogun State are familiar with ICT.

H0: A significant portion of working journalists in Ogun State lack access to ICT.

H2: A significant portion of working journalists in Ogun State have access to ICT.

1.6 Study Scope and Limitations

The capital city of Ogun State, Abeokuta, will be the study’s focus. This survey is intended to have representation from all journalists working in Ogun State. These Ogun State journalists were picked with the intention of representing the state’s media professionals.

Several impediments to the investigation will be encountered, one of which is insufficient funding. They support the nation’s economic circumstances

which are shown in the low capital income and high expenses that restrict the amount of money that is available. Nonetheless, the researcher prioritised the needs of the research and himself with discernment and caution.

1.7 Definition of Terms

The term “mass media” refers to a group that is in charge of print and broadcast media, which includes magazines, newspapers, and radio.

Information and communication technology (ICT) has improved the global neighbourhood by acting as a mediator in communication and the global dissemination of information. Information technology is any artefact that man manipulates to help him communicate personally, massively, and most importantly, promptly.

The meaningful exchange of information between two or more parties is referred to as communication.

Information is communicated through direct and indirect observation of something, or as the content of a message.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/influence-of-ict-on-modern-day-practice-of-broadcast-journalism/feed/ 0 IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE FIGHT AGAINST MISINFORMATION ON CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-social-media-in-the-fight-against-misinformation-on-coronavirus-pandemic/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-social-media-in-the-fight-against-misinformation-on-coronavirus-pandemic/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=55249 IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE FIGHT AGAINST MISINFORMATION ON CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

 

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IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE FIGHT AGAINST MISINFORMATION ON CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background for the Study

The flood of COVID-19-related content has created a high-stakes test for social media networks’ ability to combat misinformation. False instructions about how to avoid getting the virus or what precautions infected persons should take to prevent it from spreading have the potential to exacerbate a pandemic that has already claimed thousands of lives globally (WHO 2020).

According to Sprinklr (2020), there were over 19 million mentions of COVID-19 on social media, blogs, and online news sites around the world on March 11. For reference, mentions of US President Donald Trump on the same day totaled over 4 million.

Many of the COVID-19 mentions were likely from credible sources, but given the disease’s novelty and the rapid pace of related news, it’s plausible to conclude that a considerable majority were incorrect or obsolete.

The present struggle against misinformation on most social media platforms is mostly focused on so-called “bad actors” who intentionally propagate false and misleading information, often for political advantage.

Facebook, for example, employs an automated mechanism to deliver potentially false content to third-party fact-checkers, who then detect, review, and grade inaccurate stories to minimise their circulation. It’s a resource-intensive and time-consuming process, and concerns about its effectiveness arose before the coronavirus debate erupted on social media.

Schultze (2009) defined social media as a set of tools and online space that individuals and businesses can use to accelerate their information and communication needs.Twitter and Facebook were among the first to provide accurate COVID-19 information.

However, because ordinary folks, celebrities, politicians, and others use social media to discuss their coronavirus experiences, voice grievances, and simply pass the time while self-isolating

vital health and safety information is easily drowned out. Many people may be well-intentioned yet misinformed, and they may be unknowingly sharing incorrect information.

As a result, social media sites have taken unprecedented measures to combat the spread of coronavirus misinformation. Facebook has supplied the World Health Organisation (WHO) with as many free advertising as they require while blocking ads from firms that may be milking the situation by saying that their products will treat the virus, for example.

In addition to increased fact-checking, users who search for coronavirus will see a pop-up that refers them to the WHO’s website or a local health authority. Twitter also connects users to local health authority websites, such as the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States.

The major social sites, including Facebook, LinkedIn, Reddit, Twitter, and YouTube, as well as Google and Microsoft, published a unified statement declaring their collaboration to combat COVID-19 misinformation.

We are assisting millions of people in staying connected while simultaneously fighting fraud and disinformation about the virus, elevating authoritative content on our platforms, and releasing crucial updates in collaboration with government healthcare authorities throughout the world.

1.2 Statement of Problem

Social media exists to meet the information demands of society. However, the major difficulty is that most information is not dependable or genuine. This is consistent with the press’s social responsibility duty.

According to Onabajo (2002), the majority of current discussions are based on broadcast media content. Most social media users ignore things happening in the country and are more concerned with entertainment.

This has resulted in cultural imperialism affecting the nation, as the usage of smart phones influences how we think, act, and behave in our individual lifestyles in Nigeria.

This indicates that many people read and watch news that they do not believe. Because news information is obtained from untrustworthy individuals, anyone can broadcast it at any time.

Because reported levels of trust in the media are generally low, it is evident that some people would watch news they claim they do not trust while attempting to filter out information, resulting in them being labelled biassed or untrustworthy.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The study’s major goal is to evaluate the role of social media in combating disinformation about coronavirus pandamic. The specific aims of the study are:

i. Investigate the primary social media channels utilised to combat the transmission of false information about COVID 19.

ii. Examine the various forms of misinformation about COVID-19 that have proliferated on the internet.

iii. To recommend the best strategy to prevent the dissemination of false information about COVID-19.

iv. Investigate the public view of social media’s role in the fight against fake information about covid19 in Nigeria.

1.4 Research Questions.

i. What are the main social media channels used to combat the transmission of fraudulent COVID-19 information?

ii. What kind of misconceptions about COVID-19 are being shared on the internet?

iii. What is the best strategy to prevent the distribution of fake information about COVID-19?

iv. What is the public’s assessment of social media’s role in combating fake information about Covid-19 in Nigeria?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The study will be extremely beneficial in regulating the use of social media and the mode of new age communication, as well as in standardising the usage of social media and its impact on the masses.

 

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-social-media-in-the-fight-against-misinformation-on-coronavirus-pandemic/feed/ 0 IMPACT OF SATELLITE TELEVISION ON NIGERIAN CULTURE https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-satellite-television-on-nigerian-culture/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-satellite-television-on-nigerian-culture/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=55318 IMPACT OF SATELLITE TELEVISION ON NIGERIAN CULTURE

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IMPACT OF SATELLITE TELEVISION ON NIGERIAN CULTURE

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to determine how satellite television has changed Nigerians’ knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capacities and habits developed as members of society.

The first chapter discusses the study’s introduction, problem statement, purpose, significance, delimitation, limitation, historical background of Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, and term definitions.

The second chapter is a detailed examination of the literature study on satellite television and Nigerian culture. Chapter three also discusses the research methodology used in the study, which served as the foundation for the data analysis and discussion in Chapter 4.

The final part, chapter five, provides a summary, conclusion, and recommendations to help Nigerians understand the impact of satellite television transmission on Nigerian culture.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/impact-of-satellite-television-on-nigerian-culture/feed/ 0 PERCEPTION OF GUBERNATORIAL NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE 2015 ELECTION https://www.premiumresearchers.com/perception-of-gubernatorial-newspaper-advertisements-in-the-2015-election/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/perception-of-gubernatorial-newspaper-advertisements-in-the-2015-election/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=55385 PERCEPTION OF GUBERNATORIAL NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE 2015 ELECTION

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PERCEPTION OF GUBERNATORIAL NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE 2015 ELECTION

Chapter one

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background for the Study

Newspaper advertising is defined as daily or weekly publicity in the form of paper or newsprint. It also refers to a serial magazine that includes news and other educational items. It is typically printed on inexpensive, low-quality paper, such as newspaper.

Newspapers are frequently metonymically referred to by the news organisations that print them. According to Udeze and Akpan (2013), newspaper advertising aims to convince, inform, educate, entertain, enlighten, and mobilise the general public.

This is why the government and other private organisations are paying so much attention to it. Newspapers’ capacity to mobilise people and force them to behave in a specific way and execute certain tasks made them a tool in the hands of governments or political parties.

The medium acts as an intermediary between the government, political parties, and the people, assisting the government in communicating plans and policies to citizens while also receiving their responses, sentiments, and plight.

For any democratic system to exist, political parties and candidates must give voters with appropriate information on party policies, clear visions, and political agendas so that voters can actively choose their candidate based on this knowledge.

To accomplish this, political parties use the media in campaign advertisements, and the media helps voters make educated decisions at election time. This takes the shape of sponsored political advertising, social media campaigns, commentary, and news reports.

For an election to be called free and fair, voters must have a thorough understanding of the candidates, political parties, and election programmes.

It follows that the media plays a vital role in this process, and the forum provided by them during election days serves as an important platform for presenting political beliefs by various parties.

Elections are thought to be the most fundamental and vital aspect of democracy. Elections in democratic societies require that the public have the opportunity to choose representatives and parties based on their free will, as elections are the central instrument for exercising national sovereignty and measuring societal quality (Yaser, Nawaz, Mashud, Chaudhry, & Amhead, 2011).

The print media, particularly newspaper advertising, has long been a vital source of information distribution and political mobilisation in Nigeria.

Contestants use a variety of political techniques to emerge as their party’s candidate before competing against candidates from other parties in a general election. Lobbying, personal contacts, political rallies, and campaigns are examples of political techniques, but they are no longer effective in mobilising support and voters for elections (Olujide, Adeyemi, & Gbadeyan, 2011).

The 2015 general election in Delta State represents a situation in which various political parties made heavy use of newspaper advertising to sell their respective political viewpoints and candidates to voters.

The implication of the preceding remark is that political parties’ chances may have been increased by advertising campaigns. In light of the foregoing, this study investigated how the electorate of Oleh metropolis in Delta State perceived gubernatorial newspaper advertisements during the 2015 election.

1.2 Statement of Problem

During the 2015 gubernatorial elections in Delta State, political parties used newspaper advertising to market their parties and candidates on their platforms, influencing the behaviour of the Oleh community’s electorate.

However, some argue that political parties use newspaper advertisements to blackmail rival political parties and to publicise information that may mislead voters into casting incorrect votes. However, voters today have incorrect judgements of the news provided in newspapers as containing false stories.

Practically, newspaper advertising should be used to raise political awareness and mobilise people, but readers have misinterpreted this. Despite readers’ incorrect assumptions, there have been few or no studies investigating the abnormalities linked with their perception.

This is the gap that the researcher hopes to fill by looking into how the electorate of Oleh metropolis in Delta State perceived gubernatorial newspaper advertisements during the 2015 election.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The overarching goal of this research is to analyse how the electorate of Oleh metropolis in Delta State perceived gubernatorial newspaper advertisements during the 2015 election cycle. The precise aims include:

1. Determine the extent to which newspaper advertisements act as a vehicle for political sensitization and mobilisation in Oleh metropolis.

2. To investigate the impact of newspaper advertising on political issues in Oleh Metropolis.

3. Determine the impact of newspaper content on its readers in comparison to other forms of mass communication in Oleh metropolis.

4. Determine the extent to which newspaper advertisements reinforce voters’ decisions for certain gubernatorial candidates in Oleh metropolis.

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