PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT TOPICS – Premium Researchers https://www.premiumresearchers.com Thu, 19 Feb 2026 17:02:03 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.5 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cropped-PR-Logo-Icon1-32x32.png PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT TOPICS – Premium Researchers https://www.premiumresearchers.com 32 32 WRITING CHAPTER 1 OF YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/#respond Thu, 19 Feb 2026 17:02:03 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=39277 Writing Chapter 1 of Your Research Project: A Complete Guide to Building Your Research Foundation

Reading Time: 8-10 minutes

Key Takeaways

  • Chapter 1 is the critical foundation of your entire research project, introducing your topic, problem, and research direction
  • It must contain nine essential components: introduction, background, problem statement, objectives, research questions, significance, scope and limitations, assumptions, and operational definitions
  • These components must work together coherently, with each section building on the previous one
  • Writing Chapter 1 requires strategic planning, clear writing, and ensuring all elements align with each other
  • Professional guidance from experienced researchers can dramatically improve your Chapter 1 quality and save you weeks of revision

Understanding Chapter 1 in Research

If you’re struggling to write Chapter 1 of your research project, you’re not alone. This is where most students and researchers get stuck because Chapter 1 sets the tone for everything that follows. The problem is that many students approach it as just another chapter to complete, not realizing that Chapter 1 determines whether your reader (and your evaluator) understands why your research matters.

Chapter 1 is fundamentally different from every other chapter in your research project. While Chapter 2 reviews existing literature, Chapter 3 explains your methods, and Chapter 4 presents your findings, Chapter 1 must accomplish something far more complex: it must hook your reader, establish the context for your study, identify a genuine problem worth investigating, and lay out exactly what you plan to do about it. As research methodologist John W. Creswell noted, “The introduction is the most important part of your research paper because it provides the context and purpose for the entire study.”

Here’s where many students struggle: They write Chapter 1 without understanding how each section connects to the others. They jump from background to objectives without clearly showing why those objectives matter. They define their problem without clearly stating who is affected or what happens if the problem goes unaddressed. The result is a disjointed, confusing introduction that leaves readers wondering about the purpose of the research.

This is exactly where PremiumResearchers can help you. Our team of experienced academic writers specializes in crafting compelling Chapter 1 sections that establish clear research direction and pass rigorous academic standards. We understand the specific requirements of Nigerian universities (UNILAG, OAU, University of Ibadan, and others) and international academic standards. Rather than struggle through multiple revisions, many students choose to work with us to get it right from the start. We can provide you with personalized Chapter 1 samples for your specific research topic, showing you exactly how to structure each component and how they connect together.

The Nine Essential Components of Chapter 1

Every well-constructed Chapter 1 contains nine specific components, each serving a distinct function in your research narrative. Think of these as the building blocks that, when properly arranged, create a compelling case for why your research needs to be done.

Here are the nine components in logical order:

  1. Introduction
  2. Background of the Study
  3. Statement of the Problem
  4. Research Objectives
  5. Research Questions and/or Hypotheses
  6. Significance of the Study
  7. Scope and Limitations
  8. Basic Assumptions
  9. Operational Definition of Terms

The key to effective Chapter 1 writing is understanding that these components aren’t isolated sections that stand alone. Instead, they form an interconnected system where each component builds on and supports the others. Your background sets up your problem statement. Your problem statement justifies your research objectives. Your objectives generate your research questions. Your research questions require specific methods (which you’ll detail in Chapter 3). Your significance section explains why anyone should care about answering those questions.

Most students who struggle with Chapter 1 are writing these components in isolation, then wondering why they don’t fit together. This is a structural problem that requires strategic thinking before you start writing.

Crafting a Compelling Introduction

Your introduction section is your first and best opportunity to capture your reader’s attention. Think of it as the gateway to your entire research project. If it fails to engage the reader or fails to establish clear direction, everything that follows will struggle to resonate.

An effective introduction uses what’s called the “funnel approach” – you begin with a broad, general statement about your field or topic, then gradually narrow your focus until you arrive at your specific research focus. This approach accomplishes several things simultaneously: it provides necessary context, it shows how your research fits into the larger academic conversation, and it demonstrates that you understand the significance of your topic.

Here’s a strong example:

The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed how people communicate, learn, and work. Social media platforms have become integral to daily life, with over 5.3 billion users globally as of 2024. Among these users, university students represent one of the most active demographics, spending 3-5 hours daily on social platforms. While these platforms offer unprecedented opportunities for knowledge sharing and collaboration, their relationship with academic performance remains poorly understood in the Nigerian higher education context. Previous research conducted in Western settings may not fully apply to Nigerian students, who face different digital access patterns, learning environments, and cultural factors. This gap in context-specific research represents a significant opportunity to advance our understanding of how digital engagement affects student learning outcomes.

Notice how this introduction moves from a general observation (digital transformation), to a specific statistic (5.3 billion users), to a specific population (university students), to an acknowledged gap (lack of Nigerian context), to why that gap matters (different contexts require different understanding). This is the funnel structure working effectively.

Key elements of a strong introduction:

  • Opens with a compelling statement that captures attention
  • Provides necessary background information without overwhelming the reader
  • Uses specific statistics or recent developments to establish relevance
  • Identifies where your study fits into the larger research conversation
  • Transitions smoothly into the specific focus of your research
  • Signals what the reader can expect in the sections that follow

Writing Your Background Section

The background section is where you tell the story of your research problem. It’s not a literature review (that comes in Chapter 2), but rather a narrative that explains how your research question emerged and why it matters now.

A strong background section typically covers four key areas:

  • Historical development: How has this issue evolved over time? What triggered interest in this area?
  • Current state of knowledge: What do we currently understand about this topic?
  • Gaps in existing research: What specifically do we NOT know?
  • Contextual factors: What factors specific to your context (Nigeria, your institution, your field) make this research timely and relevant?

Here’s a strong example from a study on remote learning:

Distance education has a long history extending back to 19th-century correspondence courses, but technological advancement accelerated its adoption significantly. The emergence of Learning Management Systems (LMS) and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in the early 2000s demonstrated online learning’s scalability. However, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 created an unprecedented shift to remote learning that forced institutions to transition overnight, often without adequate preparation.

Existing research on voluntary online learning (Ahmed, 2022; Johnson, 2023) provides insights into student motivation and engagement. However, these studies focused on students who chose online learning. The literature reveals a significant gap regarding students forced into remote learning situations, particularly concerning their psychological adjustment, sense of belonging, and long-term academic outcomes. This gap is especially pronounced for African students, where most research has been conducted in Western contexts.

In the Nigerian higher education setting, where many institutions lack robust digital infrastructure and students come from varying digital literacy backgrounds, the specific challenges of forced remote learning remain under-researched. This study addresses that gap by examining the psychological and academic impacts of forced remote learning on undergraduates at major Nigerian universities.

This background section accomplishes several things: it establishes historical context, acknowledges what we know from existing research, explicitly identifies the research gap, and explains why this gap matters specifically in the Nigerian context.

Developing a Strong Problem Statement

This is where your entire research project hinges. Your problem statement must be crystal clear because everything else in your research flows from this foundation. The problem statement answers the fundamental question: “What is the research problem, and why does it matter?”

Many students write vague problem statements like “This study examines social media’s impact on student performance.” This is far too broad and doesn’t clearly identify what specific problem needs to be solved.

A strong problem statement should:

  • Clearly identify the specific problem (not just a general topic)
  • Explain why it matters and to whom it matters
  • Indicate who is affected by this problem
  • Suggest potential consequences if the problem remains unaddressed
  • Be specific enough to guide your research methodology

Weak Problem Statement: “Social media affects student academic performance.”

Strong Problem Statement: “While social media is ubiquitous among Nigerian university students, research has not adequately examined how specific usage patterns (time spent, platform choice, timing of use) relate to academic performance outcomes, particularly in the context of competing demands from hybrid learning environments. This gap in understanding creates challenges for educational institutions attempting to help students maintain healthy digital habits while optimizing their use of technology for learning.”

The strong version specifically identifies: what we don’t understand (relationship between specific usage patterns and performance), the population (Nigerian university students), the context (hybrid learning environments), and why it matters (institutions need this information to support students).

Setting Clear Research Objectives

Research objectives translate your problem statement into specific, achievable goals. They answer the question: “What exactly will this research accomplish?”

Effective objectives are specific, measurable, and aligned with your problem statement. They should be written in clear, active language using strong action verbs.

Here’s how to structure effective research objectives:

General Objective (singular, overarching goal):

To assess the relationship between social media usage patterns and academic performance among undergraduate students at major Nigerian universities.

Specific Objectives (multiple, measurable goals):

  1. To quantify the average daily time spent on social media by undergraduate students and identify primary platforms used.
  2. To identify the specific usage patterns (passive scrolling vs. active learning engagement) most prevalent among students.
  3. To measure the correlation between identified usage patterns and cumulative GPA, course completion rates, and student-reported academic satisfaction.
  4. To explore students’ perspectives on how social media affects their concentration, motivation, and academic engagement.
  5. To develop context-specific recommendations for students and institutions regarding healthy social media use in academic settings.

Notice that each specific objective uses action verbs (quantify, identify, measure, explore, develop) and is specific enough that you could create a research method to accomplish it. Avoid vague objectives that use weak verbs like “understand,” “know,” or “examine.”

Formulating Research Questions and Hypotheses

Your research questions are the concrete inquiries that will guide your data collection and analysis. They represent the translation of your objectives into specific questions that your research will answer. If your objectives describe what you’ll accomplish, your research questions describe what you’ll investigate.

Research questions are particularly important because they directly determine your research methodology. A question asking “what is the prevalence of X?” suggests quantitative methods. A question asking “how do students experience Y?” suggests qualitative methods.

Structure your research questions this way:

Primary Research Question:

To what extent do specific social media usage patterns correlate with academic performance outcomes among undergraduate students at Nigerian universities?

Secondary Research Questions:

  1. What are the predominant social media usage patterns among undergraduates, and how do these vary by gender, discipline of study, and level of education?
  2. Which usage patterns show the strongest correlation with academic performance indicators (GPA, course completion, academic satisfaction)?
  3. How do students themselves perceive the relationship between their social media use and academic outcomes?
  4. What factors enable students to maintain balanced social media use while meeting academic demands?

If your research is quantitative, add hypotheses:

  1. H1: Students spending more than 4 hours daily on social media will have significantly lower cumulative GPAs than those spending less than 2 hours daily.
  2. H2: Passive scrolling and entertainment-focused social media use will be negatively associated with academic performance, while learning-focused use will show positive associations.
  3. H3: Students who use social media during designated study times will report lower academic satisfaction than those who maintain temporal boundaries.

Each hypothesis is testable, specific, and directly addresses one of your research questions.

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Establishing the Significance of Your Study

The significance section answers the crucial “So what?” question. It explains why your research matters and who will benefit from your findings. This section must justify the time and resources your research requires.

Structure your significance section to address multiple stakeholder groups:

For Students: How will your findings help students make better decisions about their social media use? Will your research provide concrete strategies they can implement?

For Educators and Institutions: How will your findings help institutions support student success? What institutional policies or programs could be informed by your research?

For the Academic Field: What gap in the literature does your research address? What new understanding will it contribute?

For Society/Policy: Do your findings have implications for broader discussions about digital wellbeing, educational policy, or social change?

This study has significance for multiple stakeholders. For students, it provides data-driven insights into how their social media habits affect academic success, enabling more informed decisions about technology use. For educators and university administrators, it offers evidence-based understanding of digital engagement patterns, informing the design of student support programs and academic policies. The research addresses a notable gap in the literature by providing context-specific evidence from Nigerian universities, where digital divides, infrastructure challenges, and cultural factors create a distinct landscape from Western research contexts.

Methodologically, this mixed-methods approach contributes a replicable framework for examining technology-learning relationships in African educational settings. Policy implications extend to national discussions about digital literacy in higher education and the development of technology integration guidelines that account for local context and student wellbeing.

Defining Scope and Limitations

Many students view the scope and limitations section as something to minimize or downplay. Actually, the opposite is true. Clearly defining your boundaries demonstrates research sophistication and intellectual honesty. It shows that you understand your research context and have made deliberate choices about what to study and what to exclude.

Your scope describes what your research WILL address:

This research focuses specifically on undergraduate students (200-level to 400-level) enrolled full-time at three major universities in Lagos State during the 2024-2025 academic year. The study examines five primary social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, TikTok, and WhatsApp) where undergraduate students demonstrate significant engagement. The research is limited to students with consistent internet access and does not include distance learning students or those with irregular digital access. Data collection covers a 4-month period during the regular academic semester.

Your limitations describe constraints and potential weaknesses:

  1. Geographic limitation to Lagos State may not represent students in other regions with different infrastructure, economic, or cultural contexts.
  2. Self-reported data on social media usage may be subject to recall bias or social desirability bias.
  3. The 4-month study period may not capture longer-term impacts or seasonal variations in academic performance.
  4. The study cannot establish causation, only correlation, therefore we cannot definitively state that social media use causes lower academic performance.
  5. Institutional differences among the three universities may affect generalizability of findings.

By clearly stating limitations, you demonstrate that you’ve thought critically about your research design and understand where your conclusions apply and where they don’t. This actually enhances your credibility rather than undermining it.

Identifying Assumptions and Operational Definitions

Every research project rests on underlying assumptions – things you take to be true for your research to be valid. Making these explicit is a mark of research rigor.

Theoretical Assumptions:

  1. Students can accurately self-report their social media usage patterns.
  2. Academic performance (GPA) is an adequate measure of learning outcomes.
  3. The relationship between social media use and academic performance is similar across different disciplinary contexts.

Methodological Assumptions:

  1. The survey instrument used is valid and reliable for measuring social media usage in Nigerian contexts.
  2. Participants will provide honest responses about their social media habits.
  3. A 4-month academic semester adequately captures students’ normal patterns of engagement.

Operational Definitions ensure clarity and consistency:

Social Media Usage: The time spent and activities engaged in on social platforms (active posting, passive scrolling, communication, entertainment consumption) measured in hours per day and categorized by platform and activity type.

Academic Performance: Measured by cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) on a 4.0 scale, course completion rates, and self-reported academic satisfaction ratings on a Likert scale.

Undergraduate Student: A full-time student enrolled in bachelor’s degree programs at participating institutions, in their second through fourth years of study.

Passive Usage: Social media engagement focused on consuming others’ content without active participation (scrolling feeds, watching videos, viewing stories).

Active Usage: Social media engagement involving creation or meaningful participation (posting content, commenting, messaging, collaborative projects).

These operational definitions are crucial because they ensure that when someone reads your research, they understand exactly what you mean by the terms you’re using. “Social media usage” could mean many different things – by defining it operationally, you eliminate ambiguity.

Common Mistakes Students Make in Chapter 1 (and How to Avoid Them)

After reviewing hundreds of research projects, we’ve identified the most common mistakes that weak Chapter 1 sections share. Being aware of these pitfalls can help you avoid them.

Mistake 1: Scope Creep

The Problem: You try to address everything related to your topic rather than narrowing down to a specific, manageable research question.

Weak Example: “This study examines all aspects of how technology affects student learning, including social media, email, learning management systems, online educational resources, and general computer use.”

Better Example: “This study examines how daily social media usage patterns specifically relate to academic performance in undergraduate students at Nigerian universities, with focus on the most-used platforms (Instagram, TikTok, Twitter/X).”

The key difference: the better example is narrower, more specific, and therefore more achievable within the constraints of a research project.

Mistake 2: Misaligned Components

The Problem: Your research objectives don’t actually address your problem statement. Your research questions don’t align with your objectives. Your methodology (in Chapter 3) won’t actually answer your research questions.

Example of Misalignment:

Problem Statement: “Undergraduate students’ social media use correlates with academic performance, but we don’t understand which specific usage patterns are problematic.”

Research Objective: “To understand students’ attitudes toward technology in general.”

These don’t align. If your problem is about specific usage patterns and academic performance, your objective should address that relationship, not general attitudes toward technology.

Mistake 3: Weak Opening

The Problem: Your introduction fails to capture attention or establish relevance.

Weak Opening: “This study is about social media and students.”

Strong Opening: “According to recent research, undergraduate students spend an average of 4-5 hours daily on social media platforms, yet many report struggling to balance this engagement with academic demands. Despite decades of research on technology and learning, we still lack context-specific understanding of how students in African universities manage digital engagement while maintaining academic focus.”

The strong opening provides specific information, establishes relevance (the tension between social media engagement and academics), and clearly identifies what we still need to understand.

Mistake 4: Insufficient Justification

The Problem: You don’t adequately explain why your research matters or who will benefit from it.

Weak Significance Section: “Understanding social media’s impact on academic performance is important.”

Strong Significance Section: “Understanding which social media usage patterns most negatively affect academic performance will enable universities to develop targeted interventions. For students, this research provides actionable insights into how to manage digital engagement without sacrificing academic success. For policy makers, this research provides evidence for digital literacy and wellbeing initiatives. For African higher education institutions specifically, this research addresses a gap in literature where most existing research reflects Western contexts and may not account for Africa’s unique digital access patterns, infrastructure challenges, and cultural approaches to technology.”

The strong version explains specifically who benefits (universities, students, policy makers, African institutions) and what they’ll be able to do with the findings.

Mistake 5: Vague Language

The Problem: You use imprecise language that doesn’t clearly convey your meaning.

Vague: “The effects of social media on students are significant.”

Specific: “Undergraduate students who spend more than 4 hours daily on social media report 0.5 points lower cumulative GPAs on average compared to those spending less than 2 hours daily, according to preliminary institution data.”

The specific version provides concrete information that actually helps readers understand what you’re claiming.

A Strategic Approach to Writing Chapter 1

Don’t write Chapter 1 in section order. Instead, follow this process:

  1. Start with your problem statement. This is the anchor. Everything else should flow from this core idea.
  2. Develop research questions that directly address this problem. If your question doesn’t relate to your problem, revise one or the other.
  3. Create objectives that align with your questions. Each objective should help answer at least one research question.
  4. Write your background section to show how your problem emerged and why it matters.
  5. Write your introduction to funnel readers from general context down to your specific focus.
  6. Develop your significance section to explain why anyone should care.
  7. Define your scope and limitations to show realistic boundaries.
  8. List your assumptions and define your key terms.
  9. Finally, review and revise to ensure all sections align.

The mistake most students make is starting at section 1 (introduction) and working sequentially through to section 9. This means you’re writing your introduction before you’ve fully clarified your problem, objectives, and questions – which makes alignment nearly impossible.

This is another area where working with PremiumResearchers can save you considerable time. Our experienced writers follow this strategic approach, ensuring that all nine components align perfectly and support each other. We can also provide detailed feedback on your draft Chapter 1, pointing out where components aren’t aligned and suggesting specific revisions to strengthen them.

Frequently Asked Questions About Chapter 1

How long should Chapter 1 be?

Chapter 1 typically ranges from 10-15 pages for a master’s thesis to 20-30 pages for a doctoral dissertation, depending on your institution’s requirements. The key is comprehensiveness, not length – you should thoroughly cover all nine components without unnecessary repetition or filler. A well-written 12-page Chapter 1 is better than a poorly-written 25-page version. Focus on quality and clarity over hitting a specific page count.

What if my research objectives don’t perfectly align with my research questions?

This is a common problem, and the solution is revision. Your research questions should emerge directly from your objectives. If you have a research objective like “To identify barriers to digital adoption among older adults,” your research questions should ask specific questions about those barriers. For example, “What are the primary barriers to digital adoption among adults over 65?” If your questions don’t connect to your objectives, something needs to be revised. This is why many students benefit from professional feedback during Chapter 1 development – we can identify misalignments immediately and help you fix them.

]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/writing-chapter-1-of-your-research-project/feed/ 0 ENCOURAGING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A WAY OF REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN BAYE… https://www.premiumresearchers.com/encouraging-entrepreneurship-as-a-way-of-reducing-unemployment-in-baye/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/encouraging-entrepreneurship-as-a-way-of-reducing-unemployment-in-baye/#comments Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/encouraging-entrepreneurship-as-a-way-of-reducing-unemployment-in-baye/ [ad_1]

ENCOURAGING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A WAY OF REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN BAYELSA STATE

Abstract

This study examined how encouraging entrepreneurship can serve as a way for the reduction of youth unemployment in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The main objective of the study is to evaluate how encouraging entrepreneurship can help reduce youth unemployment.

The study used primary data generated from five hundred questionnaires administered to self-employed youths that manage their private businesses in Yenagoa, the capital of Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

The results reveal that there is a significant relationship between encouraging entrepreneurship and youth unemployment.

Therefore, the study recommends that the Federal Government of Nigeria should establish training centers and the necessary equipment where youths can acquire entrepreneurial skills; as well as provide funds in form of loans that youths can easily access to set up businesses.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  1. Background of the study

The discipline of entrepreneurship generally studies the why, when and how of opportunity creation, recognition and utilization for providing goods and services through the creation of new firms (start-ups) and within existing firms for both profit and non-profit purposes.

Not all opportunity creation will necessarily be in society’s best interest. The reward structure of a society can also lead to a destructive allocation of entrepreneurial talent. The focus here is on productive entrepreneurial activity. This consists of the creation, recognition and utilization of positive opportunities in such a way that involves “innovation” or the provision of “new combinations” of products and/or processes.

Entrepreneurship is the quality of being an entrepreneur, it puts emphasis on the risk and efforts taken by individuals who mange or own a business, and on the innovations resulting from their pursuit of economic success. An entrepreneur is an innovator – a generator of new ideas and business processes.

The word entrepreneur was coined from a French word ‘entrepredre’ which means a person who voluntarily heads a military expedition. It was first used during the first military history in the seventeenth century (Emmanuel, 2008). Entrepreneurship has no universal definition it has been defined by many authors and individuals.

Every society across the globe has its peculiar problems and challenges. Nigeria is not an exception. As a developing country, she faces her own share of social, political, economic and cultural problems which has in no small measure affected the well-being of the populace.

Such problems bedeviling the country include youth’s unemployment and the rising wave of crime, which have serious implications for the growth of the nation. Unemployment rate in Nigeria has continued to be on the increase despite the abundant human and natural resources available in the country.

Chronic youth’s unemployment is evident in Nigeria. Every year, thousands of graduates are produced but there are no jobs for majority of them. Nigerian streets are littered with youth hawkers who ordinarily would have found gainful employment in some enterprise (Okafor, 2011).

The large number of youths who are unemployed is capable of undermining democratic practice as they constitute a serious threat if engaged by the political class for underground and criminal activities (Adepegba, 2011; Ibrahim, 2011; Lartey, 2011; Olatunji and Abioye, 2011; Okafor, 2011).

There seems to be a consensus on the definition of unemployment. Simply put, unemployment describes the condition of people who are without jobs (Okafor, 2011).

The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines the unemployed as the number of the economically active population who is without work but available and seeking work, including people who have lost their jobs and those who have voluntarily left work (World Bank, 1993).

According to the National Bureau of Statistics (2009), the labor force of a country is a set of people or citizens who are willing and are able to make available at any given point in time their efforts for gainful employment, while the unemployed are the individuals with no work, but are looking for work at the time of any study.

Various forms of unemployment have been identified by scholars. These include seasonal, frictional, cyclical, and structural unemployment (Adebayo, 1999; Damachi, 2001; Hollister and Goldstein, 1994; Todaro, 1992). Unemployment is a global trend but it occurs mostly in the developing countries of the world, with social, economic, political and psychological attendants.

Thus massive youth’s unemployment in any country is an indication of far more complex problems (Okafor, 2009). The ILO (2007) report showed that the proportion of world unemployment is steadily increasing and that the number of those without jobs remained at an all time high of more than 195 million or 6.3 percent in 2007.

For instance, in 2007, the Middle East and North Africa were the regions with the highest unemployment rate in the world at 12.2 percent, followed by sub-Saharan Africa at nearly 10 percent.

East Asia’s unemployment rate of 3.6 percent remained the lowest. The report affirmed that population growth especially in South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa was putting pressure on job creation.

 

    1. Statement of the Problem

Unemployment is a socio-economic problem and every nation deals with it within their respective capacities. As could be seen from individual research reports and other government statement, the situation in Nigeria has gone out of hand as about 75 percent of those who are willing to work cannot find gainful employment in Nigeria, especially among the school leavers and graduates of tertiary institutions (NBS, 2014).

In 2019 The Bayelsa State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR) in Bayelsa, received 46,985 applications from job seekers in Yenagoa, the state capital, who want to be employed as minor public workers.

The aim of the training was to make the beneficiaries become life-time entrepreneurs at the termination of the 12 months engagement in the SEEFOR project.

“The intention of the partnering agencies is not to continue to make them life- time beneficiaries, but entrepreneurs that will soon become renowned employers of labor,” he said.

He explained that the selection of beneficiaries were done on the basis of their special needs which included their household size, dependents on the beneficiaries.

Every year, new sets of graduates and school leavers add to the stock of unemployed youth; resulting to increased frustration and aggression against the society that have refused to provide for them.

Successive governments have made several efforts to combat the menace of youth unemployment but it appears that the efforts have not impacted significantly on the level of unemployment as it has continued to be on the increase in the country.

Studies such as (Ekong and Ekong, 2016; Akanwa and Akpanabia, 2013; Anyadike et al, 2012; Emeh, 2012; Ibrahim, 2010; Kaegon and Nwogu, 2012 and Udeorah, 2014), have all prescribed entrepreneurship development as a sure means of tackling the growing rate of unemployment in Nigeria.

It is in line of this that this study is aimed at assessing if encouraging entrepreneurship as a way of reducing unemployment in Bayelsa state.

 

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the study

The major aim of the study is to examine how encouraging entrepreneurship development can combat the rising rate of unemployment in Nigeria.

However, the specific objectives are to:

  1. Determine the level at which the state government encourages and provides entrepreneurial training.
  2. Determine if state government encouragement in entrepreneurship can affect the rate of unemployment in Bayelsa.
  3. Examine the degree at which the cost of doing business in Bayelsa can hinder entrepreneurship development.
  4. Ascertain the extent in which government incentive on small businesses can influence entrepreneurship development in Bayelsa.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions were raised to guide the objectives of the study: 1. To what extent can relevant Governmental institutions and other entrepreneurial training affect the rate of unemployment in Nigeria?

2. To what degree can the cost of doing business in Nigeria hinder entrepreneurship development?

3. To what extent can government incentive on small businesses influence entrepreneurship development in Nigeria?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses were formulated to guide the objectives of the study and strengthen the analysis:

Ho: Encouraging entrepreneurship cannot affect the rate of unemployment in Nigeria.

Ho: Cost of doing business in Nigeria cannot hinder entrepreneurship development

Ho: Government incentives on small businesses cannot influence the level of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The study will enrich the body of literature thereby expanding knowledge in the area. As could be seen from past studies in the area, entrepreneurship development has been the popular prescription for reducing the increasing rate of unemployment in Nigeria.

Also, the policy dialogue that will arise from the findings would be of immense benefit to different categories of people and they include the government, the practicing and prospective entrepreneurs, the students, researchers and the general public.

1. The government: The government would be sufficiently enlightened on how to make entrepreneurship development impact unemployment significantly.

2. Practicing and Prospective Entrepreneurs: These categories of people would be better informed on how to access government incentives to boost their operations by reducing cost of doing business.

3. Students and Researchers: This group will find the result very useful because it will serve as good starting point for those who might want to carry out further studies in the area.

4. The General Public: Members of the public will be better-off because increase in the number of entrepreneur’s will enhance the overall welfare of the people.

 

1.7 Scope and limitations of the study

This work is on the encouraging of entrepreneurship as a way of reducing unemployment in Bayelsa State.

 

1.8 Definition of Terms

Unemployment: Unemployment is defined as a situation where someone of working age is not able to get a job but would like to be in full-time employment.

Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business. … Entrepreneurship has been described as the “capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks to make a profit.

Youth: Youth is the time of life when one is young, and often means the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity). It is also defined as “the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one who is young

The United Nations defines youth as persons between the ages of 15 and 24 with all UN statistics based on this range, the UN states education as a source for these statistics. The UN also recognizes that this varies without prejudice to other age groups listed by member states such as 18–30.

 

 

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1.9 Organization of the Study

This chapter introduced the focal point of this study. The chapter also gave the background of the study and identified research problem as well as knowledge gap for the research. The chapter also looked at the specific research questions that guided the research.

This research also identified the rationale of the study and the scope which is limited to five non-governmental organizations in Nigeria. Definitions of terms used in the research have been included and the importance of the study has also been addressed.

Chapter two explained past literature on the study and used the research questions as the structure for this review. Chapter three described the research style that was adopted for the study.

Chapter four addressed the conclusion of the data that had been collected based on the research questions. Chapter five then summarized the various conclusions of the research according to the research questions and presented the major conclusions.


ENCOURAGING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A WAY OF REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN BAYELSA STATE

 

ENCOURAGING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A WAY OF REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN BAYELSA STATE

 

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/encouraging-entrepreneurship-as-a-way-of-reducing-unemployment-in-baye/feed/ 1 How to Write a Final Year Project and Research Thesis in Nigeria https://www.premiumresearchers.com/how-to-write-a-final-year-project-and-research-thesis-in-nigeria/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/how-to-write-a-final-year-project-and-research-thesis-in-nigeria/#comments Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=7367 How to Write a Final Year Project and Research Thesis in Nigeria

A final year project is an individual work consisting of 10,000 and 20,000 words. It is a scientific investigation that usually uses scientific methods to achieve defined objectives and answer the research questions. Completion of a research project contributes heavily to the attainment of a degree programme.

A typical final year project research format (though this format is different for law research project ) is shown below

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A complete final year project research will contain accurate details of all the five chapters accordingly. While some individuals begin with chapter two so as to get their objectives and statement of problems, others begin from chapter one down to five.

.

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Chapter one Introduction

chapter one of a final year project deals the general introduction of the research project, it gives the description of the problem that would be addressed. As shown in the format above, chapter one comprises of background to the study, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research questions, research hypothesis, significance of the study, scope of the study, operational definition of terms and organization of the study.

The background of the study provides context to the information being discussed, it include current information, relevant history. The statement of the problem is a concise description of an issue to be addressed or improved upon.

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A good research problem should address an existing gap in knowledge.

The research objectives describe concisely what the research is trying to achieve, it summarizes the accomplishment the researcher hopes to achieve through the research. There is the general objectives and specific objectives.

Research questions is an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue. They are questions the research project sets out to answer. It is important to note that the research question and research objectives tallies.

The research hypothesis is a clear, specific and testable proposition or predictive statement about the possible outcome of a scientific research study. In undertaking a research project, only the null hypothesis is required.

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The significance of the study provides details to the reader on how the study will contribute to existing literature, it determines who benefits and how they would benefit from the research findings.

The scope of the study defines clearly the content covered in the research. It can include the year the research covered for time-series data, variables involved, a research carried out using primary data might include brief detail of the study area.

The operational definition of terms comprises of a single sentence definition of words mainly used in the study and how it is used in the study.

The organization of study briefly establishes how each chapter is constructed.

Chapter two Literature review

chapter two of the of final year research project is the literature review which presents the current knowledge including substantial findings as well as theoretical and empirical contributions to a particular topic.

Chapter two comprises of an introduction, conceptual literature, reviews of empirical studies, theoretical review, theoretical framework, gaps in the literature.

The introduction gives brief details of what chapter two contains. It usually in one paragraph. Conceptual literature contains literature coming from books, journalism, and other forms of material, relevant to the study that are non-empirical. It includes the definition of key concepts by various scholars and discussion of key issues related to the study.

Empirical literature review deals with original research (such as scientific experiments, surveys). They are research-based on observation rather than on systematic logic. In constructing the empirical review, it is important to note that the author’s name, year the research was carried out, topic of research, source of data, method of data analysis, and findings is required.

Theories are formulated to explain, predict and understand phenomena and in many cases to challenge and extend existing knowledge within the limits of critical bounding assumptions.

The theoretical review helps establish what theories already exist, the relationship between them. Note that the theories reviewed must be related to the project research study.

The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support the research study. The most applicable theory is used as the theoretical framework, selected from the theories reviewed.The gap(s) is the missing piece(s) in the research literature that has not yet been explored or is under-explored. It could be due to sample size, research variables, research method, and scope etc.

Chapter three Research methodology:

chapter three of a final year project deals with the research methodology which explains the procedure or techniques used to identify, select, and analyze the variables and/or information about the topic.

For secondary data, chapter three contains details on the types and sources of data, method of estimation, model specification, and evaluation criteria

When primary data is involved, chapter three contains an introduction that gives brief details of chapter three usually in one sentence. The research design is the framework of research methods chosen by the researcher such as survey (descriptive, case-study, etc.).

The population of the study is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main focus of the research. The sampling size is a portion of the entire study population through which statistical inferences for the whole population are made, sampling technique, an instrument for data collection; it is important to decide the tools for data collection because research is carried out in different ways and for different purposes.

Method of data collection; which could be a questionnaire, interview method etc. The validity/reliability of the instrument is an important aspect of selecting a survey instrument. Reliability refers to the extent the instrument yields the same results over multiple trials while validity refers to the extent the instrument measures what it was designed for.

A pilot test should be carried out. Method of data analysis explains how the data would be analyzed such as in frequency and tables and technique for hypothesis testing.

Chapter four Data presentation and analysis:

chapter four of a final year project comprises the introduction, data presentation/analysis, testing of hypothesis, discussion of findings/policy implication of findings. The introduction gives brief details of chapter four usually in one paragraph.

Data presentation/analysis shows how the data are presented and analyzed such that the research questions stated in chapter one are answered. The hypothesis stated in chapter one are tested in chapter four. The methodology employed depends on the nature of the data used and the reason for the analysis. In the final part, findings are discussed and its implication stated.

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Chapter five Summary, conclusions, and recommendations:

chapter five of a final year project comprises of introduction which states in one sentence what chapter five entails, the summary gives brief details of the entire project from chapter one to four.

The conclusion states the major finding after carrying out the research, i.e. what the research uncovered.

Recommendations are suggestion the research has and it is usually based on findings, limitations to the study are shortcomings or influences which the researcher cannot control and thus place restrictions on methodology and conclusions.

Therefore the limitations faced by the study are stated in chapter five after the research is concluded. Suggestions for further studies; other related studies that can be carried out should be stated.

Reference

It lists all the sources that have been cited in the research work. It is important that all cited authors are properly referenced. There are different referencing styles, use the one applicable to your school.

Appendix

they are supplementary material or information that is too cumbersome to be included in the body of the project. It is helpful in providing a more comprehensive understanding of the research. It is the last part of the research project.

After completion of the project from chapter one to five alongside the reference and appendices, an abstract is drafted which contain brief information of the project [topic, objective(s), scope, method of statistical analysis, finding(s), and recommendation(s)]

After all corrections on your final year project; the title page, declaration, certification, dedication, acknowledgment, table of content, list of tables, the abstract is included then proceed to bind.

Writing a Final Year Project is really easy.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/how-to-write-a-final-year-project-and-research-thesis-in-nigeria/feed/ 2 Public Administration Project Topics and Materials PDF Download https://www.premiumresearchers.com/public-administration-project-topics-and-materials-pdf-free-download/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/public-administration-project-topics-and-materials-pdf-free-download/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=11280 Public Administration Project Topics and Materials PDF Download

Public administration project topics and research materials PDF free download for undergraduates and postgraduates final year students in Nigeria from 2025 to 2026 session. Have you been searching for a complete project material of a particular topic in public administration or a seminar topic, you are on the right page. All public administration project topics and materials listed on this website are easy projects and also, they are recent ready-made complete final year projects for students acquiring a degree in any school.

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List of 44 Public Administration Project Topics and Research Materials PDF

In our project archive, we have thousands of free public administration project topics and premium research papers in administration and planning, contemporary, public policy and also, related research seminar topics and journals for final year students in the public administration department. Below is a list of best public administration project topics and materials PDF documents for undergraduate students acquiring a degree in the college of education (NCE), National Diploma (ND), Higher National Diploma (HND), Postgraduate Diploma (PGD) and Bachelor of Science (BSC).

  1. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF NPOWER AND SURE-P PUBLIC ADMIN…
  2. A LEGAL EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF TAXATION IN REVENUE GENERATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
  3. A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF BEREAUCRATIC ADMINISTRATION ON SECRETERIAL FU
  4. ACCOUNTABILITY CONCEPTS APPLICATION AND PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY
  5. ACCOUNTING IN THE GHANA PUBLIC SECTOR, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS (A CASE OF SOME SELECTED GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS)
  6. AN ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT IN NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY OF AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY (ABU) ZARIA
  7. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS IN NIGERIA
  8. AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL REGULATION IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR
  9. AN OVER-VIEW OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM (A CASE STUDY OF IGBO – ETITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL)
  10. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR LOW PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CIVIL SERVICE
  11. ASSESSMENT OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND INDUSTRIAL CONFLICTMANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES: A STUDY OF FEDERALUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, (FUT) MINNA
  12. ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTRIBUTORY PENSION SCHEME ON RETIREMENT BENEFITS IN KANO STATE: A STUDY OF KANO STATE PENSION FUND TRUSTEES 
  13. BUDGETING AS A MEANS OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN A PUBLIC SECTOR (A CASE STUDY OF LASU)
  14. CORRUPTION, ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIMES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN NIGERIA
  15. DETERMINANTS OF VACANCY RATE IN COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES IN MINNA, NIGERIA
  16. DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR PENSION ADMINISTRATION IN THE NIGERIA PUBLIC-SECTOR.
  17. DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR PENSION ADMINISTRATION IN THE NIGERIA PUBLIC-SECTOR.
  18. EFFECT OF PUBLIC POLICY IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS ON FIELD LEVEL BUREAUCRATS: A STUDY OF SELECTED POLICIES OF THE NATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL
  19. EFFECT OF RETIREMENT ON PSYCHOSOCIAL AND PHYSICAL WELL BEING OF THE ELDERLY IN IBADAN
  20. EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCIAL CONTROL IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
  21. ENCOURAGING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A WAY OF REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN BAYE…
  22. ETHICS AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVICE A CASE OF FEDERAL INLAND REVENUE
  23. EVALUATION AND IMPACT OF INCESSANT RESIDENTIAL BUILDING COLLAPSE IN LAGOS METROPOLIS
  24. FACTORS WORKING AGAINST EFFECTIVE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
  25. INFLUENCE OF CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC SERVICE
  26. INTERNAL AUDITING AS A TOOL OF CONTROL IN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS.
  27. LABOUR RELATIONS IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR
  28. LOW PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATIVE COUNCIL IN AKWA IBOM STATE: A CASE STUDY OF OKOBO LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION 2008-2011
  29. METHOD OF APPOINTMENT INTO THE PUBLIC SERVICE IN NIGERIA
  30. NIGERIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL INTERESTS (A CASE STUDY OF JONATHAN’S ADMINISTRATION)
  31. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT TOPICS, RESEARCH WORKS AND MATERIALS
  32. PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING IN GHANA (A CASE STUDY OF FINANCIAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
  33. STRATEGIES OF PROMOTING PRODUCTIVITY IN CIVIL SERVICE
  34. SUCCESS AND FAILURES OF PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY IN NIGERIA FOR TH
  35. SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY IN NIGERIA
  36. THE CHALLENGES OF INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION-IN-THE-NIGERIAN-PUBLIC-SECTOR (A STUDY OF KADUNA STATE MINISTRY OF FINANCE)
  37. THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PRACTICE OF PUBLIC RELATION
  38. THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF THREE SELECTED SME’S IN AGBADO-IYAYE LGA LAGOS)
  39. THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY ON EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF CHILDREN (A CASE STUDY OF WAMBA L.G.A) UNDER SOCIAL STUDIES
  40. THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING STANDARD (IPSAS) …
  41. THE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON WORKER PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY
  42. THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC COMPLAINTS COMMISSION IN PROTECTING WORKER’S …
  43. THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC COMPLAINTS COMMISSION IN PROTECTING WORKER’S
  44. THE ROLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND PUBLIC COMPLAINT COMMISSION: A STUDY OF CHILD ABUSE IN NIGERIA

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Hire a Research Project Writer with Years of Experience

We have dedicated professional project writers with years of experience in research writing, ready to help and walk you through on how to go about your research project works and guides, seminar papers, journals, Essays, articles, conference papers, books, research papers, proposals and assignments on any level of degree in the university, polytechnic and college of education. We offer the best research writing, data analysis services on this platform. This services is for final year students who have new public administration topic given to them by their project supervisor and could not find it on this website, and also for students who are busy or do not have time to write. We have well trained professional writers who are reliable and trusted. Feel free to contact our team to help and guide you.

 

How to Download Complete Public Administration Project Materials PDF

Are you interested in getting any topic? please see our Payments Instructions for more information on how to make payment and download your complete public administration project works from chapters 1-5 with references and questionnaires.

Our public administration project topics PDF have their complete materials ready for instant download. In conclusion, we have listed above the following:

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Whatever degree you are acquiring in any school, we have listed above, complete public administration project topics and PDF research materials document for instant downloads. Good luck defending your final year project.

 

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/public-administration-project-topics-and-materials-pdf-free-download/feed/ 0 AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL REGULATION IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR https://www.premiumresearchers.com/an-empirical-analysis-of-compliance-with-government-financial-regulation-in-the-nigerian-public-sector/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/an-empirical-analysis-of-compliance-with-government-financial-regulation-in-the-nigerian-public-sector/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=35773 AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL REGULATION IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR

 

ABSTRACT

This is an empirical study conducted to determine the extent to which the Nigerian public sector complies with government financial regulations. It aims to resolve issues concerning the relationship between public civil servants’ levels of compliance with federal government financial regulations while performing the accounting function.

The study was motivated by the need to promote economic growth and development by implementing measures to reduce fund misappropriation in the Nigerian public sector. Three hypotheses were developed to provide answers to the research problem; related literature was sourced, and questionnaires were administered.

The obtained results were presented in percent frequency tables, and statistical analysis was performed with the sample correlation coefficient. According to the findings of the analysis, there is a positive relationship between payment procedures in the public sector and federal government financial regulations. The federal government’s financial regulations and store supervision and custody have a negative relationship.

According to the findings, public officers charged with managing imprest are expected to strictly adhere to the rules outlined in the Financial Regulation, and they should also be kept up to date on the rules in order to promote transparency.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 THE STUDY’S BACKGROUND

Between 1956 and 1958, the federation’s financial administration machinery was put in place. The Government Financial Regulations were established in 1958 and have only been reviewed twice since then, in 1975/76 and 1990/2000. The Civil Service Reforms of 1988 were responsible for this (Oshisami 1992).

The preface to the Revised Financial Regulations (1976) by the Commissioner (Minister) for Finance sheds light on the government’s position and expectations regarding the role of the Financial Regulations in ensuring accountability and preventing abuse, misuse, or misappropriation of government funds (Oshisami, 1992).

The conduct of government business has changed dramatically since 1976, when the Financial Regulations were last reviewed and published. Anyone with even a passing knowledge of how the machinery of good government should function would have noticed that the tried-and-true methods of conducting government business had degenerated and fallen apart by the mid-1980s. Compliance with the Public Service Rules and Financial Regulations has been abandoned in favor of regimes of indiscipline, disorder, and arbitrariness (Obasanjo, 2000).

The management and control of a country’s public purse is at the heart of its government administration. Government business is conducted in accordance with established rules and regulations. According to Obasanjo (2001), “all the elements that enhance the system’s efficiency, reliability, and continuity have been tampered with, resulting in major and cost-saving setbacks for the conduct of government business.”

Government operations were conducted as if laws and rules did not exist to govern how and where public funds were spent. Public funds were illegally disbursed without regard for the Financial Regulations: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigeria Security Printing and Minting Company (NSPM) facilities were recklessly abused, and the Contingencies Fund was used without regard for the rules governing its operation.

The number and monetary value of public sector activities have increased significantly in recent years, and in Nigeria, they are the primary determinant of private sector prosperity. This increase in governmental activities and their importance had resulted in a greater demand for greater accountability. Officials and employees in charge of these activities must provide adequate and timely accounts to the public.

To access the performance of those entrusted with public resources, the public requires reliable and easily understandable accountability reports. As a result, the concept of accountability is inherent in any nation’s governance process.

In fact, the obligations of persons or entities entrusted with public resources, including public enterprises and corporations, to be accountable for the fiscal, managerial, and other responsibilities that have been conferred on them, and to report faithfully and truthfully to those who have conferred these responsibilities on them, are at the heart and soul of good democratic practice. Financial, accounting, and audit regulations are thus implemented in the public sector to ensure that the legitimate processes of accountability are reinforced (Owoyemi, 2005).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The rate of fund misappropriation in Nigeria’s public sector is rising. As a result, the public has begun to question the extent to which officials charged with managing public funds adhere to established rules and regulations.

According to Obasanjo (2000), all of the elements that improve the system’s efficiency, reliability, and continuity have been tampered with, resulting in significant and severe setbacks for the conduct of government business.

Among the public’s inquiries are the following:

1. Are payment procedures in accordance with federal government financial regulations?

2. How are adjustments to transfers from different government accounts handled?

3. How are bank accounts and checks handled?

4. What arrangements are in place for the custody of public money, stamps, security books, and documents, among other things?

5. How do public officials tasked with managing unrest go about doing so?

6. How is the payroll prepared and managed?

7. Is store supervision and custody in accordance with federal government financial regulations?

8. What is the level of compliance with federal government financial regulations by public/civil servants while performing accounting functions?

1.3 THE STUDY’S OBJECTIVES

The goal of this research is to provide solutions to problems with government financial management and control. Among these goals are:

1. Determine the level of compliance by public/civil servants with federal government financial regulations while performing accounting functions;

2. Determine whether payment procedures are in accordance with federal government financial regulations.

3. To learn how adjustments to various government accounts are handled;

4. To learn how bank accounts and checks are handled;

5. To learn how the custody of public money, stamps, security books, and documents, among other things, is organized;

6. To learn how public officers tasked with managing unrest carry out their responsibilities;

7. Determine whether the preparation and control of the public sector payroll system complies with federal government financial regulations; and

8. Determine whether the supervision and custody stores comply with federal government financial regulations.

1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT

The following hypotheses guide the direction of this research.

1. Ho: There is no connection between public sector payment procedures and federal government financial regulations.

H1: There is a positive relationship between public sector payment procedures and federal government financial regulations.

2. Ho: There is no connection between store supervision and custody and federal government financial regulations.

H1: The federal government’s financial regulations and store supervision and custody have a positive relationship.

3. Ho: The preparation and control of the public payroll system do not comply with federal government financial regulations.

H1: The payroll system in the public sector is prepared and controlled in accordance with federal government financial regulations.

1.5 THE STUDY’S SIGNIFICANCE

This research  Project will be very important because of its potential to expand the frontiers of knowledge. As a result, emphasis is placed on its academic, economic, and social significance. It will yield practical benefits such as the following:

i. The findings of this study will be useful to the Nigerian government in ensuring that financial plans are implemented in accordance with government decisions and expectations.

ii. It will assist in sensitizing the Nigerian government to ensure that all relevant guidelines and regulations are followed correctly in order to ensure acceptable accountability and transparency in the use of public funds.

iii. It will allow the government to make informed decisions about how to allocate its resources.

iv. It will help to raise awareness among government employees about the importance of accounting for their financial activities.

v. It will also increase public trust in the activities of public servants in managing and controlling public funds.

1.6 STUDY OBJECTIVES

The research was limited to the Nigerian public sector, specifically the federal and state governments. The researcher was convinced that, aside from being the engine room for Nigeria’s economic development, the sector had seen tremendous growth and development over time.

Edo State Ministries/Extra-Ministerial Departments were chosen for the survey. The study’s geographical scope was broken down into a system of accounting for public funds and the compliance to the rules and regulations guiding such a system. The goal was to facilitate a thorough examination of how Ministries/Extra-Ministerial Departments implemented the rules and regulations that govern their accounting system.

1.7 OPERATIONAL TERMS DEFINITION

1. Amendment: A minor change or addition to a constitution, a law, a rule, a statue, a decree, etc.

2. Competence: The ability, authority, skill, and knowledge required for managing people and resources in an organization.

3. Control: The ability to direct another entity’s financing policies in order to benefit from its activities.

4. Extra-Ministerial Departments: These federal or state government organizations serve as controls or checks on federal or state ministries. They help to monitor federal and state ministries, and they are usually led by professionals in the relevant field.

5. Financial Authority: The legal requirements for public sector accounting and financial control. They include laws, rules, regulations, customers, and accepted behavioral norms.

6. Public Officer: This term refers to the holder of any public office, including anyone appointed to act in that capacity.

7. Public Service: This is a service provided to people for the purpose of assisting them rather than for profit.

 

 

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AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL REGULATION IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SECTOR

]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/an-empirical-analysis-of-compliance-with-government-financial-regulation-in-the-nigerian-public-sector/feed/ 0 FACTORS WORKING AGAINST EFFECTIVE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT https://www.premiumresearchers.com/factors-working-against-effective-public-management/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/factors-working-against-effective-public-management/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=36164 FACTORS WORKING AGAINST EFFECTIVE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

THE STUDY’S BACKGROUND

Effective management can be defined as the proper coordination and utilization of all available resources in order to achieve the best possible results within the system. As a result, the issues associated with effective management of public secondary schools in Edo state’s Esan West local government area are critical. This is due to the establishment of a public secondary school in the area.

According to philosophers, tomorrow’s success is determined by today’s performance, so a well-lived day makes every tomorrow a time of hope. Furthermore, a review of the government’s intention to establish public secondary schools reveals that it is the intention of federal state education to be a common social good received by Nigeria. In other words, public secondary schools exist to provide equal educational opportunity and to prevent poverty among the people.

Furthermore, if these human resources are well motivated, they will produce the necessary scientists and technologists to help this country in various fields such as banking, industries, agriculture, and so on. Because of the following effective management in public school, all of their aspirations fail. Particularly in Edo state’s Esan West local government area.

The government’s objectives, as stated in the national education policy of 2004, are as follows.

To raise citizens’ national consciousness and unity.

To instill in order for the individual and society to survive.

The acquisition of appropriate skills, abilities, and competence as material and physical equipment for the individual to live and contributes to the development of societies

To develop one’s understanding of the world around them.

It is impossible to overstate the importance of a land fall of opportunities for its citizens capable of generating a great and dynamic economy and growing into a limited strong and self-sufficient nation. As a result of the study of the public secondary school in Esan West local government area of Edo state and the determination of the extent to which this is being achieved, all other agencies will work together to fully realize the potentials of public secondary schools in contributing to the achievement of the national policy on education’s objectives.

 

 

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FACTORS WORKING AGAINST EFFECTIVE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/factors-working-against-effective-public-management/feed/ 0 Project Writers for Public Administration https://www.premiumresearchers.com/project-writers-for-public-administration/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/project-writers-for-public-administration/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=63978 Get Expert Project Writers for Public Administration Research: Best Education Academic Writer

You’re a final-year Public Administration student, and the weight of your research project is weighing on you more now than ever before. Your department is breathing down your neck, your supervisor expects you to do something, your academic timeline is dwindling, and to pile all this up, there’s an expectation to produce something original, academically sound, and defendable.

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Why Students Need Project Writers for Public Administration

Let’s be real—Public Administration is no “easy” subject. It’s all about addressing the intricate real-world issues: governance, implementation of policies, administrative machinery, leadership in the public sector, public budgeting, intergovernmental relations, and the like.

Students must incorporate practice and theory, critically analyze government policy, and use administrative models for public services and institutions. You might be thinking about citizen participation in budget-making, the corruption of public service delivery, or decentralization in local government.

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/project-writers-for-public-administration/feed/ 0 THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY ON EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF CHILDREN (A CASE STUDY OF WAMBA L.G.A) UNDER SOCIAL STUDIES https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-effects-of-political-instability-on-educational-attainment-of-children-a-case-study-of-wamba-l-g-a-under-social-studies/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-effects-of-political-instability-on-educational-attainment-of-children-a-case-study-of-wamba-l-g-a-under-social-studies/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=2375 [ad_1]

THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY ON EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF CHILDREN (A CASE STUDY OF WAMBA L.G.A) UNDER SOCIAL STUDIES

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The issue of political instability is a common phenomenon that continues to dominate the political terrain in Nigeria. Although Nigeria is regarded as the “giant of Africa”, yet the country has passed and is still passing through several restless stages of conflict and violence.

The process of gaining entrance into the corridor political power is replete with violence and conflicts, resulting from rivalry and suspicions among the various ethnic groups in the country that have culminated in political instability across the entire country.

From the pre-independence era till date, Nigeria is still being affected by injustices and oppressions system that were handed down by the past colonial leaders. The resultant effect of which is the weak institutions of the state and incessant struggle for political power.

This, in many instances, is to the detriment of the well-being of the masses and the development of the country at large. This is despite the abundant human and natural resources prevalent in the nation. Although Nigeria got her independence in 1960, the struggle for national development and political stability continue to be a mirage.

This must not be unconnected with the stormy political and social condition in the country manifesting in poverty, corruption, poor planning and implementation and general indiscipline in the society. The issue of political instability has been a major challenge rocking the country with violence over the decade of Nigeria’s independence as a nation and the period after the country’s civil war between 1967 and 1970.

There had been series of sporadic violence and counter attacks by different regions due to suspicion and mistrust in Nigeria’s geo-political landscape. The fundamental taproots of violence in the country always lead to unpredictable and unpleasant experiences, such as, bombing, murdering of innocent people and destabilization of the existing vulnerable regions into political uncertainty.

This is with no thanks to the series of tension and threats that have been engulfing the nation to date Political instability in Nigeria started two years after independence, with the leadership crises within the Action Group (AG) (which eventually led to the declaration of a state emergency in 1962), the controversial population census of 1962/63, and the “Operation Wet E” in the Western Region (which eventually led to the military take-over of government in the country in 1966)

These marked the commencement of the series of violence and conflicts which the country is witnessing to date. The trend continued unabated, hence, tension, violence and counter-threats which were deliberately invited by some elites to the destruction of the country’s political plan between 1962 and 1966 in the Western region and the whole of the country.

Raji and Ajibade (2014) opine that the appearance of violence and political conflicts has never been separated from the country’s politics neither in the past nor in the Present. From the aforementioned, there is a clear indication that politics in Nigeria has been the opposite of what it is in the developed countries and Nigerian politicians in particular are still backward in terms of their values, such as unfulfilled promises, political corruption, greed, violence, tribalism and intimidation.

Political instability is said to manifest through fraud, embezzlement and misappropriation of public funds, inflation of award of contracts, lack of accountability and transparency in governance, discrimination in wealth distribution among others.

There is a noticeable impact of political instability in the life of Nigerians resulting in corruption, economic distortion and under-development.  The issue of state failure and instability is one of great concern for the west and the inhabitants of fragile states throughout Africa.

Terrorist groups such as Boko Haram (Nigeria), Ansar Dine (Mali), Al-Shabaab (Somalia), and al-Qa’ida (Niger, Mali, Algeria) just to name a few have developed in these unstable regions.  An examination of this magnitude, is a international security concern, as terrorist groups are known to emerge from weak or failed states.

To add, said states are among the poorest and most underdeveloped. Therefore, it is important to understand what pushes a state to collapse, in hope that policy can work to improve the political and economic stability throughout Africa. Education has often been seen as a fundamentally optimistic human endeavour characterized by aspirations for progress and betterment.

It is understood by many to be a means of overcoming handicaps, achieving greater equality and acquiring wealth and social status. Education is something that is perceived by many as a place where children can develop according to their unique needs and potential.

It is also perceived as one of the best means to achieve greater social equality (Reddy, 2016). The countries across the world are, therefore, placing a premium on secondary education (Bhoite, 2012). It is in the light of the above-mentioned challenges in the Nigerian polity, that this paper examines the effects of political instability on educational attainment of children.

1.2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Nigeria, as a heterogeneous society in terms of ethnic, religious and cultural pluralism is inclined to conflicts (Agagu, 2012). Since the independence of Nigeria, the country has been confronted with various crises and violence that have been affecting the foundation of Nigeria’s unity and corporate existence.

Although, Nigeria is a country that is blessed with abundant human and natural resources her citizens are within the vicious cycle of poverty and bad leadership. Series of political instability had been occurring in the country since independence and up to date and the challenges of it have been a major cause of violence in the country.

Over the distant decade of Nigeria’s independence as a nation and the period after the country’s civil war between 1967-1970, there had been a series of sporadic violence and the counter attacks by the people from different regions due to suspicion and mistrust against one another in the country’s geo-political landscape.

Even at the end of the country’s civil war, there had been series of conflicts and violence amounting to political instability in the country. The threat to education from these attacks should be seen in the context of the wider problem of the impact of conflict in general on the degradation of education or prevention of educational development.

For example, worldwide more than half of children not in primary school – 37 million out of a total of 72 million – are found in conflict countries (Save the Children June 2008), and in “failing” states it is common for more than 50 per cent of children to be out of school in isolated rural areas where conflict can flourish (Alec Wargo 2010) .

Nevertheless, the effects of targeted attacks on education are material, psychological and symbolic and when attacks persist over long periods of time they contribute to educational fragility, state fragility and the obstruction of development which is the main drive of the study.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The major aim of the study is to examine the effects of political instability on educational attainment of children, other specific objectives of the study include;

    1. To examine the level of political instability in Nigeria.

 

    1. To examine the causes of political instability in Nigeria.

 

    1. To examine the effect of political instability on educational attainment of children.

 

    1. To examine the structure of the Nigerian educational system.

 

    1. To examine the relationship between political instability and educational attainment of school children.

 

    1. To proffer solutions to the problems of political instability in Nigeria.

 

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

    1. What is the level of political instability in Nigeria?

 

    1. What are the causes of political instability in Nigeria?

 

    1. What are the effects of political instability on educational attainment of children?

 

    1. What is the structure of the Nigerian educational system?

 

    1. What is the relationship between political instability and educational attainment of school children?

 

    1. What are the solutions to the problems of political instability in Nigeria?

 

1.5. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Hypothesis 1

H0: There is no significant effect of political instability on educational attainment of children.

H1: There is a significant effect of political instability on educational attainment of children

Hypothesis 2

H0: There is no significant relationship political instability and educational attainment of school children

H1: There is a significant relationship between political instability and educational attainment of school children

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is important as it may provide adequate information depicting that the re-occurrence of violent conflicts always throws the country into a state of chaos and political instability which results to poor educational attainment of school children.  The study would also be of immense benefit to students, researchers and scholars who are interested in developing further studies on the subject matter.

    1. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

 

The study is restricted to effects of political instability on educational attainment of children.

    1. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

 

Financial constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview)

Time constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

    1. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

 

Politics: The activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power, the principles relating to or inherent in a sphere or activity, especially when concerned with power and status.

Education:  is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training,and directed research.

Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators and also learners may also educate themselves.

Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.

Educational attainment: is a term commonly used by statisticians to refer to the highest degree of education an individual has completed as defined by the US Census Bureau Glossary

 

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THE EFFECTS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY ON EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF CHILDREN (A CASE STUDY OF WAMBA L.G.A) UNDER SOCIAL STUDIES

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-effects-of-political-instability-on-educational-attainment-of-children-a-case-study-of-wamba-l-g-a-under-social-studies/feed/ 0 THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC COMPLAINTS COMMISSION IN PROTECTING WORKER’S https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-role-of-the-public-complaints-commission-in-protecting-workers/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-role-of-the-public-complaints-commission-in-protecting-workers/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/?p=3849 [ad_1]

THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC COMPLAINTS COMMISSION IN PROTECTING WORKER’S RIGHTS AGAINST ADMINISTRATIVE INJUSTICE AND MALADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA

 

ABSTRACT

This research project is titled “The Role of the Public Complaints Commission in    Protecting     Worker’s     Rights    against     Administrative     Injustice     and Maladministration in Nigeria”. The research work has been prompted by the observation made on the decline in the discharge of its roles in some state offices of the Commission, despite overall achievement of organizational target.

The main purpose of this research therefore was to find out what must have been responsible for the decline. To achieve this, data were collected and interview conducted. In the data collected, simple descriptive presentations in Annual reports were consulted.

In the course of this research, findings revealed that limitations of the Act have made a negative impact on the performance of Commission’s staff, but that the staff encounters problems while carrying out their respective jobs. Responses also revealed that the Commission needs to continually conduct training programs especially on investigation, as that will boost staff performance.

Finally, the argument in this work is that, although the PCC has recorded some achievements regarding the discharge of its mandate from the time of its inception to date, it might not be rated high on its score board.        In this regard, (the researcher/study) have made recommendations that will have far reaching significance and they are sure to make the commission more focused, more robust and more dynamic, if they are judiciously implemented.

 

 

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THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC COMPLAINTS COMMISSION IN PROTECTING WORKER’S RIGHTS AGAINST ADMINISTRATIVE INJUSTICE AND MALADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA

 

 

THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC COMPLAINTS COMMISSION IN PROTECTING WORKER’S RIGHTS AGAINST ADMINISTRATIVE INJUSTICE AND MALADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA

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]]> https://www.premiumresearchers.com/the-role-of-the-public-complaints-commission-in-protecting-workers/feed/ 0 A STUDY INTO THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION OF THE 2007 PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT ON TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY https://www.premiumresearchers.com/a-study-into-the-problems-and-solution-of-the-2007-public-procurement-act-on-transparency-and-accountability/ https://www.premiumresearchers.com/a-study-into-the-problems-and-solution-of-the-2007-public-procurement-act-on-transparency-and-accountability/#respond Fri, 19 Dec 2025 09:14:32 +0000 https://www.premiumresearchers.com/a-study-into-the-problems-and-solution-of-the-2007-public-procurement-act-on-transparency-and-accountability/ [ad_1]

A STUDY INTO THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION OF THE 2007 PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT ON TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Nigeria gained independence from the British Government in 1960. Between 1960 and 2007, she has passed through Military and Civilian governments. The military governments rule with decrees while the civilian governments govern by the constitution and the laws made by the legislature. Both [military or civilian governments] engage in business transaction of which the greater part is the award of contracts (Ezekwesilli, 2004).

Before 2007, there was no statutory provision that directly regulate the award of public contracts in Nigeria and the result is that the award of contract becomes an avenue by which the government functionaries reward their friends and cronies and by which they too amass wealth.

Most of the rich business men that we have in Nigeria today make their money through contracts that are awarded to them in the past by the governments, whether military or civilian government it is the same (Emeka, 2009).

Disgusted by the depth of corruption in the procurement system and its effects on the economy, the Federal Government commissioned the World Bank in 1999 in collaboration with some Private Sector Specialists to review the country’s public sector procurement structure,

including the existing legal framework, organizational responsibilities and capabilities, and present procedures and practices, including how these may differ from the formal rules and procedures.

However on the 4th of June 2007, the then president of Nigeria President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua signed into law the Public Procurement Act (PPA) which is the first procurement law in the history of Nigeria. The purpose of the Act is to ensure transparency, accountability, competitiveness, value for money and professionalism in the public sector procurement system (Emeka, 2009).

The Act provides for the establishment of the National Council on Public Procurement (NCPP) and the Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) as regulatory authorities responsible for oversight, management and monitoring of public procurement practices and system.

Though the new legal regime takes effect immediately as it should, lack of total commitment on the path of the federal government to fully comply with the regulations enshrined in the Act was observed (Emeka, 2009).

The problem lies with the issue of government involvement, whether they (government functionaries) should disengage from procurement process or not is an underlying question the government is not comfortable with.

The argument of the government functionaries is that they must be involved in the procurement process in order to safeguard public resources and maintain transparency and accountability (FMF, 2008).

As of today, the greatest challenge for the enforcement of procurement law in Nigeria is the involvement of the government functionaries in the procurement process and this is possible because the government has not fully implemented the provisions of the Act. Should the government who initiated the enactment of the Act fail to fully implement it.

That lackadaisical move on the part of the government is worrisome but not unpredictable. A clue to the reason behind their conduct could be deduced from the history of the PPA itself. It takes the government almost seven years to enact this law.

It was also discovered that partial implementation or dragging of feet in enacting the law is actuated by the desire of the political class in the government not to lose the means to award contracts to their cronies. This study is examining the problems and solutions of the 2007 public procurement Act on transparency and accountability.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nigeria’s poor economic performance overtime is largely attributable to lack of transparency and accountability as well as widespread corruption (Olowu, 1993). The State and its public bureaucracy are largely to blame for the phenomenon (Aduba, 2004).

There have been existing open abuses to rules and standards in the award and execution of public contracts in Nigeria. These were evident in over-invoicing, inflation of contract costs, and proliferation of white-elephant projects and diversion of public funds through all kinds of manipulation of contract system.

The regulatory bodies that were set up to ensure compliance with laid down rules and regulations on procurement and award of contracts in the public sector appeared ineffective. This resulted in a high level of corruption and enormous wastage of public resources, lack of transparency, accountability, fairness and openness. The situation made foreign and even local investors to lose confidence in the Nigerian economy. It must be noted that the prevailing high level of corruption was closely linked up with the public sector procurement systems, and considering that about ten percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) must pass through the procurement systems.

It then became imperative that the public procurement systems must be reformed if Nigeria must achieve economic growth and developmental strides which is the reason for this study.

 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the objectives of this study: 1.     To examine the problems of the 2007 public procurement act on transparency and accountability. 2.     To determine solutions that will ensure transparency and accountability in the 2007 public procurement act. 3.     To identify the factors limiting the implementation of the 2007 public procurement act.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.     What are the problems of the 2007 public procurement act on transparency and accountability? 2.     What are the solutions that will ensure transparency and accountability in the 2007 public procurement act? 3.     What are the factors limiting the implementation of the 2007 public procurement act?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following are the significance of this study: 1.     The outcome of this study will educate the general public especially the political stakeholders on the benefits accruable from the 2007 procurement act with emphasis on its problem and solution in ensuring transparency and accountability in executing public contracts.

2.     This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the effect of personality trait on student’s academic performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area.

 SCOPE/LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study will cover the details, problems and solutions to the 2007 procurement act in ensuring transparency and accountability in implementing public contract.

 

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LIMITATION OF STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work. REFERENCES

Aduba GT (2004). Good Governance and Public Procurement: An Appraisal of the Budget Monitoring and Price Intelligence Unit” (BMPIU), Abuja: Heinrich Boll Foundation. Emeka ME (2009).

Due Process as an imperative to Public Procurement in raising integrity standard in the public service. Workshop organized by NOA Headquarters. at the Arewa House, Kaduna, 7th –8th December 2009 Ezekwesili O (2004). Welcome Speech at the Public Procurement workshop, held at Abuja, Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Finance (2008).

Ref. No. Try/A4&B4/2008, OAGF/CAD/026/Vol.11/439, “Guidelines for Due Process Certification of Contracts and Application for Release of Funds from Central Capital Account to the Capital Accounts of Ministries, Extra-ministerial Offices and Agencies at the Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja Olowu D (1993).

The African Economic Crisis and the Governance Question in Politics for Growth and Development in Africa. San Francesco, ICS Press. World Bank (1996). Nigeria, Poverty in the Midst of Plenty: The Challenge of Growth with Inclusion. Population and human Resources Division, Western Africa Department, Africa Region.

A STUDY INTO THE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION OF THE 2007 PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT ON TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

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